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Gascon
gascon
Pronunciation
[ɡasˈku(ŋ)]
Native to
France Spain
Region
Gascony
Language family
Indo-European
Italic
Latino-Faliscan
Latin
Romance
Italo-Western
Western Romance
Gallo-Romance
Occitano-Romance
Occitan
Gascon
Dialects
see below
Official status
Official language in
Spain
Catalonia (as Aranese)
Recognised minority language in
France
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Occitania
Language codes
ISO 639-3
gsc retired and subsumed into oci[1]
Glottolog
gasc1240
ELP
Gascon
IETF
oc-gascon[2][3]
Gascon speaking area
Gascon is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
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Gascon (English: /ˈɡæskən/; Gascon:[ɡasˈku(ŋ)], French:[ɡaskɔ̃]) is the vernacular Romance variety spoken mainly in the region of Gascony, France. It is often considered a variety of Occitan, although some authors consider it a different language.[4][5][6]
Gascon is mostly spoken in Gascony and Béarn (Béarnese dialect) in southwestern France (in parts of the following French départements: Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Hautes-Pyrénées, Landes, Gers, Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne, Haute-Garonne, and Ariège) and in the Val d'Aran of Catalonia.
Aranese, a southern Gascon variety, is spoken in Catalonia alongside Catalan and Spanish. Most people in the region are trilingual in all three languages, causing some influence from Spanish and Catalan. Both these influences tend to differentiate it more and more from the dialects of Gascon spoken in France. Most linguists now consider Aranese a distinct dialect of Occitan and Gascon. Since the 2006 adoption of the new statute of Catalonia, Aranese is co-official with Catalan and Spanish in all of Catalonia (before, this status was valid for the Aran Valley only).
It was also one of the mother tongues of the English kings Richard the Lionheart and his younger brother John Lackland.[citation needed]
A Gascon speaker recorded in France.
^"639 Identifier Documentation: gsc". SIL International.
^"Gascon". 22 April 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
^IANA language subtag registry, Wikidata Q57271947
^Cf. Rohlfs, Gerhard. 1970. Le Gascon. Études de philologie pyrénéenne, 2e éd. Tubingen, Max Niemeyer, & Pau, Marrimpouey jeune.
^Chambon, Jean-Pierre; Greub, Yan (2002). "Note sur l'âge du (proto)gascon". Revue de Linguistique Romane (in French). 66: 473–495.
^Stephan Koppelberg, El lèxic hereditari caracteristic de l'occità i del gascó i la seva relació amb el del català (conclusions d'un analisi estadística), Actes del vuitè Col·loqui Internacional de Llengua i Literatura Catalana, Volume 1 (1988). Antoni M. Badia Margarit & Michel Camprubi ed. (in Catalan)
some authors consider it a different language. Gascon is mostly spoken in Gascony and Béarn (Béarnese dialect) in southwestern France (in parts of the following...
Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon language) is similar to the distance between different Occitan dialects. Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan...
Landese (Maritime Gascon, or parlar negre, which means "black speech" in English) is a dialect of the Gascon language, spoken in the south-west part of...
Aranese (Occitan: aranés) is a standardized form of the Pyrenean Gascon variety of the Occitan language spoken in the Val d'Aran, in northwestern Catalonia...
Occitan dialects (such as the Gascondialect) is similar to the distance among different Occitan dialects. Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan...
-L > -u); Provençal dialect: cavau [kavau] (-L > -u, used concurrently with French borrowed forms chival or chivau); Gascondialect: cavath [kawat] (final...
or 'big teeth', as preserved for example in the word caishau in the Gascondialect (a word of either Romance or Basque origin). The etymological dictionary...
for several centuries.[citation needed] In Occitan, especially in the Gascondialect, the interpunct (punt interior, literally, "inner dot", or ponch naut...
area of Bas-Vivarois, Languedocien-Nord-Cévenol Other dialects spoken in these areas include: Gascon, Catalan, Limousin, and Auvergnat, as well as the unrelated...
or Langue d'Oc" and the fact that Provençal is a part of it. In the Gascondialect, language secessionism is claimed since the 1990s by Jean Lafitte, who...
France, to a postal worker and his wife. The household spoke Béarnese, a Gascondialect. In 1962, Bourdieu married Marie-Claire Brizard, and the couple would...
spoken in Val d'Aran. Since the Statute of Autonomy of 1979, Aranese (a Gascondialect of Occitan) has also been official and subject to special protection...
Capdevila is a surname, and may refer to; Capdeville means head of town in Gascondialect. Colette Capdevielle (born 1958), French politician Dinah Capdeville...
such as gramito or espata. These exceptions might be related to the Gascondialect. Participles, have endings in -au, -iu. The 1st and 2nd person plural...
of Pau for a time. He strove to restore the Gascondialect to prominence, translating the Psalms into Gascon in 1565, as well as publishing a volume of...
sleeping', Sp. dormía, Cat. dormia). High Aragonese dialects (alto aragonés) and some dialects of Gascon have preserved the voicelessness of many intervocalic...
pinaster), but, in the centre of this pinhadar (pine plantation in the Gascondialect of Occitan), there is a natural forest that survives from the post-glacial...
the Provençal dialect of Occitan. The Occitan language, or langue d'oc, has dialects such as Provençal dialect, and Gascon-Aranese dialect. Included also...
1568 (the other being Pey de Garros who made a translation into the Gascondialect). His translation was published in 1583 with its music score under the...
Spain). Usually regarded as an Aragonese dialect (a particular variety of Ribagorçan, transitional into Catalan, Gascon and Aragonese), it has also been considered...
comes from the proto-Basque word haran meaning "valley"; in the local Gascondialect, aran also means "valley" Ards Peninsula, Northern Ireland – from Irish...
the table below. *reconstructed Peculiar to early Spanish (as in the Gascondialect of Occitan, possibly due to a Basque substratum) was the loss of Latin...
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