Armenian revolutionary active during the early 20th century
This article is about person. For village, see Nzhdeh, Armenia.
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Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan
Native name
Գարեգին Առաքել Եղիշեի Տեր-Հարությունյան
Birth name
Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan
Other name(s)
Garegin Nzhdeh
Born
(1886-01-01)1 January 1886 Kznut, Erivan Governorate, Russian Empire
Died
21 December 1955(1955-12-21) (aged 69) Vladimir Central Prison, Vladimir, Soviet Union
Buried
Spitakavor Monastery
Allegiance
ARF Party (1907–1937) Kingdom of Bulgaria (1912–1913) Russian Empire (1914–1917) Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) Mountainous Armenia (1921)
Rank
Sparapet
Battles/wars
First Balkan War Second Balkan War Armenian national liberation movement World War I Caucasus Campaign Armenian–Azerbaijani War War over Mountainous Armenia
Awards
Order of Courage of the Kingdom of Bulgaria Order of Saint Vladimir 3rd class of the Russian Empire Order of Saint Anna 4th class of the Russian Empire Order of Saint George 3rd class of the Russian Empire Order of Saint George 2nd class of the Russian Empire
Spouse(s)
Epimé Sukiassian (m. ?–1955) Gohar Dadayan
Children
Vrezh Lilia Dadayan
Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan,[a] better known by his nom de guerreGaregin Nzhdeh[b] (Armenian: Գարեգին Նժդեհ, IPA:[ɡɑɾɛˈɡinnəʒˈdɛh]; 1 January 1886 – 21 December 1955), was an Armenian statesman, military commander and nationalist political thinker. As a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, he was involved in the national liberation struggle and revolutionary activities during the First Balkan War and World War I and became one of the key political and military leaders of the First Republic of Armenia (1918–1921). He is widely admired as a charismatic national hero by Armenians.[1][2]
In 1921, he was a key figure in the establishment of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia, an anti-Bolshevik state that became a key factor that led to the inclusion of the province of Syunik into Soviet Armenia.[3][4] During World War II, he cooperated with Nazi Germany, hoping to secure Soviet Armenia's existence in case of Germany's victory over USSR and a potential Turkish invasion of the Caucasus.[5][6][7][8] Following an abortive attempt to cooperate with the Soviet Union against Turkey, Nzhdeh was arrested in Bulgaria in 1944 and sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment in the Soviet Union.[7] He died in Vladimir Central Prison in 1955.[7][8]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^Harutyunyan, Arus (2009). Contesting National Identities in an Ethnically Homogeneous State: The Case of Armenian Democratization (PhD thesis). Western Michigan University. p. 61.
^Panossian, Razmik (2006). The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 301. ISBN 9780231139267.
^Chorbajian, Levon (1994). The Caucasian Knot: The History & Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. London: Zed Books. p. 134. ISBN 9781856492881. But it is undeniable that if Zangezur has since been an integral part of Soviet Armenia, it was Nzhdeh who made it possible.
^Panossian, Razmik (2006). The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. London: Columbia University Press. p. 259. ISBN 9780231511339.
^De Waal, Thomas (2015). Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide. Oxford University Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-19-090478-4. OCLC 1085942778. The other general who fought with the Nazis was Dashnak veteran Garegin Njdeh, who had been Dro's comrade-in-arms in the tsarist army.
^Smele, Jonathan D. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 795. ISBN 978-1442252813.
^ abcStepanian, Ruzanna (22 November 2017). "Armenian Ruling Party Rebuffs Russian Accusation It 'Glorifies Nazism'". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 25 April 2022. Nzhdeh was one of several exiled Armenian leaders who pledged allegiance to Nazi Germany in 1942 with the stated aim of saving Soviet Armenia from a possible Turkish invasion after what they expected to be a Soviet defeat by the Third Reich.
^ ab"Karekin Njdeh: A Biographical Sketch". Armenian National Committee of America. 21 December 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2022. In order to be able to influence Nazi policy, Njdeh aligned himself with Germany and offered his services in exchange for putting an end to the anti-Armenian campaign in the German press... Njdeh wanted to make sure that regardless of the turn of events, he could either guarantee the security of Armenia in case of a possible Turkish invasion of the Caucasus or liberate Western Armenia if Germany attacked Turkey.
Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan, better known by his nom de guerre GareginNzhdeh (Armenian: Գարեգին Նժդեհ, IPA: [ɡɑɾɛˈɡin nəʒˈdɛh]; 1 January 1886 – 21 December...
used in Eastern Armenian) Garegin Khachatryan (1975–1995), an Armenian sculptor, artist and freedom fighter GareginNzhdeh (1886-1955), an Armenian statesman...
was established by military commander and Armenian political thinker GareginNzhdeh and his allies with the support of local guerrilla forces, following...
literally "national religion") of the nationalist political theorist GareginNzhdeh. It took an institutional form in 1991, just after the collapse of the...
was an Armenian political theorist, an associate and close friend of GareginNzhdeh, and one of the founders of Tseghakronism and Taronism. He authored...
2023-09-23. "GareginNzhdeh. Full biography of GareginNzhdeh". wach.ru. Retrieved 2023-09-23. Avo. Nzhdeh: Kyankn u gortsuneutiwne [Nzhdeh: His life and...
ideology (roughly translated as "nation-religion"). It was formulated by GareginNzhdeh and holds that the Armenian national identity and state should carry...
and GareginNzhdeh was chosen as prime minister and minister of defence. Later, in July, Simon Vratsian took the office as prime minister while Nzhdeh became...
in Armenian Premier League. The club headquarters are located on 18 GareginNzhdeh street, Kapan. The Gandzasar Kapan Training Centre is located at the...
of the Cross Stealer (2010–2011) Ala Bala Nica (2011) Գարեգին Նժդեհ/GareginNzhdeh (2013) Անհայտ Բաժանորդ/Anhayt Bajanord [hy] (2019) Երջանկության Մեխանիկա/Erjankutyan...
perpetrated the Armenian genocide. Between 1912 and 1913, together with GareginNzhdeh, Andranik led a few hundred Armenian volunteers within the Bulgarian...
edge of Mount Khustup. The Armenian national hero and military leader GareginNzhdeh is buried on the slopes of Mount Khustup. Wikimedia Commons has media...
included in the Republic of Mountainous Armenia under the commandment of GareginNzhdeh, who fought against the Bolsheviks between 26 April and 12 July 1921...
Republic of Mountainous Armenia by Armenian forces under command of GareginNzhdeh on 26 April, which fought off both Soviet and Turkish intrusions in...
The remains of the Armenian military leader and political thinker GareginNzhdeh were secretly buried in the yard of Spitakavor Monastery on 9 May 1987...
work of the early-20th-century political philosopher and revolutionary GareginNzhdeh and his doctrine of tseghakron (rejuvenation through national religion)...
of more than 850,000. Under the leadership of Andranik Ozanian and GareginNzhdeh, the Armenian detachment was commissioned to fight the Ottomans first...
were leaving their homes moving to the south to Yerevan and Syunik. GareginNzhdeh (with his troops) reached Karakilisa and managed to unite the population...
battle. On 22 and 23 May, a group of clergy representatives led by Bishop Garegin Hovsepyan and Archbishop Zaven visited the front to encourage the soldiers...
local education there; one of his classmates was famed revolutionary GareginNzhdeh. Tumanian became known throughout Karabakh when he began publishing...
1163/157338407X265487. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25597337. Pasdermadjian, Garegin (1918). "Why Armenia Should be Free Armenia's Role in the Present War"...