GPNMB information

GPNMB
Identifiers
Aliases	GPNMB, HGFIN, NMB, glycoprotein nmb, PLCA3
External IDs	OMIM: 604368 MGI: 1934765 HomoloGene: 1880 GeneCards: GPNMB
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	23,275,108 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	49,047,863 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	vulva; ; synovial joint; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; skin of abdomen; ; nipple; ; gallbladder; ; synovial membrane; ; human penis; ; urethra; ; vena cava;
	Top expressed in
	calvaria; ; iris; ; ciliary body; ; hair follicle; ; stria vascularis; ; ankle; ; secondary oocyte; ; skin of back; ; skin of abdomen; ; lip;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	integrin binding; protein binding; heparin binding; chemoattractant activity; syndecan binding; receptor ligand activity;
Cellular component	melanosome; membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; integral component of membrane; cytoplasmic vesicle; endosome; early endosome membrane; melanosome membrane;
Biological process	bone mineralization; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; osteoblast differentiation; negative regulation of cell population proliferation; negative regulation of cytokine production; positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; signal transduction; cell-cell signaling; positive regulation of cell migration; positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation; regulation of tissue remodeling; negative regulation of T cell proliferation; regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of T cell activation; positive chemotaxis; positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; negative regulation of neuron death; negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; cell adhesion; regulation of signaling receptor activity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	10457
	93695
	ENSG00000136235
	ENSMUSG00000029816
	Q14956
	Q99P91
	NM_001005340; NM_002510
	NM_053110
	NP_001005340; NP_002501
	NP_444340
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPNMB gene.^[5] Two transcript variants encoding 560 and 572 amino acid isoforms have been characterized for this gene in humans.^[6] The mouse and rat orthologues of GPNMB are known as DC-HIL and Osteoactivin (OA), respectively.^[6]

GPNMB is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein which shows homology to the pmel17 precursor, a melanocyte-specific protein.

GPNMB has been reported to be expressed in various cell types, including: melanocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, dendritic cells, and it is overexpressed in various cancer types. In melanocytic cells and osteoclasts the GPNMB gene is transcriptionally regulated by Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.^[7]^[8]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136235 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029816 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Weterman MA, Ajubi N, van Dinter IM, Degen WG, van Muijen GN, Ruitter DJ, Bloemers HP (January 1995). "nmb, a novel gene, is expressed in low-metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts" (PDF). International Journal of Cancer. 60 (1): 73–81. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910600111. hdl:2066/20693. PMID 7814155. S2CID 28723750.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: GPNMB glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb".
^ Loftus SK, Antonellis A, Matera I, Renaud G, Baxter LL, Reid D, Wolfsberg TG, Chen Y, Wang C, Prasad MK, Bessling SL, McCallion AS, Green ED, Bennett DC, Pavan WJ (February 2009). "Gpnmb is a Melanoblast-Expressed, MITF-Dependent Gene". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 22 (1): 99–110. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00518.x. PMC 2714741. PMID 18983539.
^ Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (December 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971. S2CID 24698373.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136235 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029816 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7814155-5] Weterman MA, Ajubi N, van Dinter IM, Degen WG, van Muijen GN, Ruitter DJ, Bloemers HP (January 1995). "nmb, a novel gene, is expressed in low-metastatic human melanoma cell lines and xenografts" (PDF). International Journal of Cancer. 60 (1): 73–81. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910600111. hdl:2066/20693. PMID 7814155. S2CID 28723750.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: GPNMB glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb".

[pmid18983539-7] Loftus SK, Antonellis A, Matera I, Renaud G, Baxter LL, Reid D, Wolfsberg TG, Chen Y, Wang C, Prasad MK, Bessling SL, McCallion AS, Green ED, Bennett DC, Pavan WJ (February 2009). "Gpnmb is a Melanoblast-Expressed, MITF-Dependent Gene". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 22 (1): 99–110. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00518.x. PMC 2714741. PMID 18983539.

[pmid19067971-8] Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (December 2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971. S2CID 24698373.

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