GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) initially developed in 2001 by Junichi Nakai.[1] It is a synthetic fusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP), calmodulin (CaM), and M13, a peptide sequence from myosin light-chain kinase.[2] When bound to Ca2+, GCaMP fluoresces green with a peak excitation wavelength of 480 nm and a peak emission wavelength of 510 nm.[3] It is used in biological research to measure intracellular Ca2+ levels both in vitro and in vivo using virally transfected or transgenic cell and animal lines.[2][4] The genetic sequence encoding GCaMP can be inserted under the control of promoters exclusive to certain cell types, allowing for cell-type specific expression of GCaMP.[5] Since Ca2+ is a second messenger that contributes to many cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways, GCaMP allows researchers to quantify the activity of Ca2+-based mechanisms and study the role of Ca2+ ions in biological processes of interest.
GCaMP bound to Ca2+ (top) and unbound (bottom)
^Nakai J, Ohkura M, Imoto K (February 2001). "A high signal-to-noise Ca(2+) probe composed of a single green fluorescent protein". Nature Biotechnology. 19 (2): 137–41. doi:10.1038/84397. PMID 11175727. S2CID 30254550.
^ abChen TW, Wardill TJ, Sun Y, Pulver SR, Renninger SL, Baohan A, et al. (July 2013). "Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity". Nature. 499 (7458): 295–300. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..295C. doi:10.1038/nature12354. PMC 3777791. PMID 23868258.
^Barnett LM, Hughes TE, Drobizhev M (2017-02-09). "Deciphering the molecular mechanism responsible for GCaMP6m's Ca2+-dependent change in fluorescence". PLOS ONE. 12 (2): e0170934. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270934B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170934. PMC 5300113. PMID 28182677.
^Whitaker M (2010-01-01). "Genetically encoded probes for measurement of intracellular calcium". Calcium in Living Cells. Methods in Cell Biology. Vol. 99. pp. 153–82. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374841-6.00006-2. ISBN 9780123748416. PMC 3292878. PMID 21035686.
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GCaMP is a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) initially developed in 2001 by Junichi Nakai. It is a synthetic fusion of green fluorescent protein...
expression of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), like GCaMP or RCaMP, which can be targeted to specific cells using cell-specific promoters...
mammals, the first GECI to be used in vivo was GCaMP, first developed by Junichi Nakai and coworkers in 2001. GCaMP has undergone numerous improvements, notably...
genetically encoding neurons with reversible fluorescent markers such as GCaMP that indicate the presence of calcium ions in real time. Since light field...
a result of Ca2+ binding. A later developed single-FP system, dubbed G-CaMP, also invokes circularly permuted GFP. One of the termini is fused with CaM...
conditioned odor, and lasts for only 7 minutes. A second trace is detectable by GCaMP expression, and thus an increase in Ca2+ influx, in the α’/β’ axons of the...
cell-specific labeling. She created protein-based tools, including improved GCaMP indicators, for studying and manipulating the brain and other biological...
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the original on 6 November 2020. "Historical Gold Intraday Futures Data (GCA)". PortaraCQG. Retrieved 28 April 2022. "Troy Ounce". Investopedia. Retrieved...
event on Mars". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 184: 240-256. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.042 A. Deuss; J. Woodhouse (12 October 2001). "Seismic Observations...
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Stockholm University Rekdal, O. B. (2007). [1][permanent dead link]. Bergen: GeGCA-NUFU. Snyder, K. A. (2005). The Iraqw of Tanzania. Negotiating rural development...
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