Map of serpentinite mud volcanoes from the Mariana fore-arc.[1]
Mud volcanoes in the Mariana fore-arc are a hydrothermal geologic landform that erupt slurries of mud, water, and gas. There are at least 10 mud volcanoes in the Mariana fore-arc that are actively erupting,[1] including the recently studied Conical, Yinazao, Fantagisna (informally known as Celestial seamount), Asut Tesoro (formerly Big Blue), and South Chamorro serpentinite mud volcanoes.[1][2] These mud volcanoes erupt a unique serpentinite mud composition that is related to the geologic setting in which they have formed.[1][3][2] Serpentinite mud is the product of mantle metasomatism due to subduction zone metamorphism and slab dehydration.[1][3][2] As a result, the serpentinite mud that erupts from these mud volcanoes often contains pieces of mantle peridotite material that has not fully altered during the serpentinization process.[1][2][3][4] In addition to pieces of altered mantle material, pieces of subducted seamounts (including corals) have also been found within the serpentinite muds.[1] Serpentinite mud volcanoes in the Mariana fore-arc are often located above faults in the fore-arc crust. These faults act as conduits for the hydrated mantle material to ascend towards the surface.[1][3] The Mariana mud volcanoes provide a direct window into the process of mantle hydration that leads to the production of arc magmas and volcanic eruptions.[5]
^ abcdefghFryer, P.; Wheat, C.G.; Williams, T.; Expedition 366 Scientists (2017-11-06). International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 366 Preliminary Report. International Ocean Discovery Program Preliminary Report. International Ocean Discovery Program. doi:10.14379/iodp.pr.366.2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ abcdFryer, P.; Wheat, C. G.; Mottl, M. J. (1999). <0103:mbmvif>2.3.co;2 "Mariana blueschist mud volcanism: Implications for conditions within the subduction zone". Geology. 27 (2): 103. Bibcode:1999Geo....27..103F. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0103:mbmvif>2.3.co;2. ISSN 0091-7613.
^Kahl, Wolf-Achim; Jöns, Niels; Bach, Wolfgang; Klein, Frieder; Alt, Jeffrey C. (2015). "Ultramafic clasts from the South Chamorro serpentine mud volcano reveal a polyphase serpentinization history of the Mariana forearc mantle". Lithos. 227: 1–20. Bibcode:2015Litho.227....1K. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2015.03.015. hdl:1912/7270.
^Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki. (1995). Subduction zone magmatism. Eggins, Steve. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-86542-361-X. OCLC 31740360.
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