Normal fundus photographs of the right eye (left image) and left eye (right image), seen from front so that left in each image is to the person's right. Each fundus has no sign of disease or pathology. The gaze is into the camera, so in each picture the macula is in the center of the image, and the optic disk is located towards the nose. Both optic disks have some pigmentation at the perimeter of the lateral side, which is considered normal (non-pathological). The orange appearance of the normal fundus is due to complexes of vitamin A as 11-cis-retinal with opsin proteins in the retina (i.e., rhodopsin).
The left image (right eye) shows lighter areas close to larger vessels, which is regarded as a normal finding in younger people.
Fundus photography
ICD-9-CM
95.11
[edit on Wikidata]
Fundus photography involves photographing the rear of an eye, also known as the fundus. Specialized fundus cameras consisting of an intricate microscope attached to a flash enabled camera are used in fundus photography. The main structures that can be visualized on a fundus photo are the central and peripheral retina, optic disc and macula. Fundus photography can be performed with colored filters, or with specialized dyes including fluorescein and indocyanine green.[1]
The models and technology of fundus photography have advanced and evolved rapidly over the last century.[2] Since the equipment is sophisticated and challenging to manufacture to clinical standards, only a few manufacturers/brands are available in the market:Visionix, Welch Allyn, Digisight, Volk, Topcon, Zeiss, Canon, Nidek, Kowa, CSO, CenterVue, Ezer and Optos are some example of fundus camera manufacturers.[3]
Fundusphotography involves photographing the rear of an eye, also known as the fundus. Specialized fundus cameras consisting of an intricate microscope...
Look up fundus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Fundus (Latin for "bottom") is an anatomical term referring to that part of a concavity in any organ...
funduscopy (/fʌnˈdʌskəpi/) derives from fundus + -scopy, yielding "viewing the far inside". The idea that fundus can and should correspond to a combining...
Hlowchitsieng. 2018. "The diagnostic accuracy of single- and five-field fundusphotography in diabetic retinopathy screening by primary care physicians." Indian...
will dilate the pupil to make for better visualization. Stereoscopic fundusphotography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of retinopathy. Telemedicine...
recommended in newly onset headaches. This may be done by ophthalmoscopy or fundusphotography, and possibly slit lamp examination. It is important to determine...
(FAG), or fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is a technique for examining the circulation of the retina and choroid (parts of the fundus) using a fluorescent...
to provide this service. Some of these locations use a fundus camera, others use both fundus and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging devices,...
response Hyperlocomotion behavior Video-image-based tracking of locomotion BigBrother Vision Electroretinogram and Fundusphotography L. Pinto and colleagues...
classification methods based on different approaches are available. FundusphotographyFundus fluorescein angiography Eye examination Friedrich E. Kruse, Reinhard...
of diseases and disorders affecting the retina. Ophthalmoscopy and fundusphotography have long been used to examine the retina. Recently, adaptive optics...
recognizing abnormalities on retinal images taken by fundoscopy. Color fundusphotography is mainly used for staging the disease. Fluorescein angiography is...
occurs in 85–90 percent of AMD cases, drusen spots can be seen in Fundusphotography Using an electroretinogram, points in the macula with a weak or absent...
illustrate the overall cone mosaic near the fovea at high speeds. Fundusphotography Ophthalmoscopy "Roorda Lab" — (last accessed: 9 December 2006) "Optos...
related to the eye, such as: An image created in fundusphotography, which can be produced by a fundus camera A record of an eye tracking This disambiguation...
infrared video cameras to produce better high resolution images. FundusphotographyFundus fluorescein angiography Eye examination "Indocyanine Green Angiography"...
OCT-Angiography are commonly performed to help aid diagnosis and monitoring. Fundusphotography is useful to document the appearance of APMPPE lesions. The original...
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