A low, often oval, frost heave occurring in polar and subpolar climates
A group of well developed palsas as seen from above
Palsas are peat mounds with a permanently frozen peat and mineral soil core. They are a typical phenomenon in the polar and subpolar zone of discontinuous permafrost. One of their characteristics is having steep slopes that rise above the mire surface. This leads to the accumulation of large amounts of snow around them. The summits of the palsas are free of snow even in winter, because the wind carries the snow and deposits on the slopes and elsewhere on the flat mire surface. Palsas can be up to 150 m in diameter and can reach a height of 12 m.[1]
Permafrost is found on palsa mires only in the palsas themselves, and its formation is based on the physical properties of peat. Dry peat is a good insulator, but wet peat conducts heat better, and frozen peat is even better at conducting heat. This means that cold can penetrate deep into the peat layers, and that heat can easily flow from deeper wet layers in winter. Whereas the dry peat on the palsa surface insulates the frozen core and prevents it from thawing in the summer.[1] This means that palsas can survive in a climate where the mean annual temperature is just below the freezing point.[2]
A lithalsa is a palsa without peat cover. They exist in a smaller range than palsas, commonly occurring in oceanic climate regimes. However both palsas and lithalsas are relatively small compared to pingos; typically less than 3 m.[3]
^ abKujala, Kauko; Seppälä, Matti; Holappa, Teuvo (2008). "Physical properties of peat and palsa formation". Cold Regions Science and Technology. 52 (3): 408–414. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.08.002. ISSN 0165-232X.
^Sollid, J. L.; Sørbel, L. (1974). "Palsa bogs at Haugtjørnin, Dovrefjell, South Norway". Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift. 28 (1): 53–60. doi:10.1080/00291957408621868. ISSN 0029-1951.
^Rowley, Taylor; Giardino, John R.; Granados-Aguilar, Raquel; Vitek, John D. (2015), "Periglacial Processes and Landforms in the Critical Zone", Developments in Earth Surface Processes, vol. 19, Elsevier, pp. 397–447, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63369-9.00013-6, ISBN 978-0-444-63369-9
Palsas are peat mounds with a permanently frozen peat and mineral soil core. They are a typical phenomenon in the polar and subpolar zone of discontinuous...
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the development of permafrost. Palsas are a typical permafrost feature in northern Finland. Permafrost formation in palsas is dictated by the properties...
bogs. On the ridges or hummocks, ground ice is found until early summer. Palsa bogs (Palsamoore or Palsenmoore) are found on the margins of the Arctic...
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Finnish used in more specialized fields: aapa mire - a marsh type, in biology palsa - low, often oval, frost heaves occurring in polar and subpolar climates...
Palsa Hazel Ecological Reserve is an ecological reserve located in Grass River Provincial Park, Manitoba, Canada. It was established in 1997 under the...
attack. Shortly thereafter, on 20 November, Aataminpoika was caught in Palsa near the Lammi and Padasjoki border. At the end of the trial, the Vyborg...
large rivers. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taliks. Frost heaving Palsa Pingo Gas emission crater D Nicolsky and N Shakhova (25 March 2010), "Modeling...
(900 m) above the surrounding valley. Peculiar ice-cored mounds known as palsas punctuate the ground at the base of the mountain. Sukakpak Mountain was...
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occurrence of permafrost, no modern pingos are known from Scandinavia. Palsa mounds in Scandinavia have been mistaken for pingos. Some depressions found...
Marsh Marsh gas Mere Mire Misse Moorland Muck Mudflat Muskeg Oasis Pakihi Palsa bog Paludification Palustrine wetland Peatland Plateau bog Pocosin Polygonal...
geometries, including circles, polygons and stripes, which may be described as palsas in soils that are rich in organic matter, such as peat, or lithalsa in more...
American peatlands, whilst Siberian cranes nest in the West Siberian peatland. Palsa mires have a rich bird life and are an EU-red listed habitat, and in Canada...
be divided into: Coastal bog Plateau bog Upland bog Kermi bog String bog Palsa bog Polygonal bog In cool climates with consistently high rainfall (on more...
bacteria from the genus of Methylocapsa which has been isolated from a palsa in Norway. Parte, A.C. "Methylocapsa". LPSN. "Methylocapsa palsarum". www...
Lithalsa, a term sometimes used in geomorphology for designing a pingo, a palsa, or a hydrolaccolith This disambiguation page lists articles associated...
angles. Tilted trees may also be caused by frost heaving, and subsequent palsa development, hummocks, earthflows, forested active rock glaciers, landslides...
of the structure of certain types of raised bog, such as plateau, kermi, palsa or string bog. The hummocks alternate with shallow wet depressions or flarks...
boggy grounds south of Lapland, Sweden Tavvavuoma - arctic tundra with palsa mires, Sweden List of raised and transitional bogs of Switzerland Astley...
Field, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. Other landforms include: Bratschen Palsa Periglacial lake Pingo Rock glacier Stone stripe Thermokarst Many areas...
formation of large-scale land forms around this core of permafrost, such as palsas – long (15–150 m (49–492 ft)), wide (10–30 m (33–98 ft)) yet shallow (<1–6 m...
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