Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory
Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków i jego Okręg(Polish)
1815–1846
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of the Free City of Cracow within Europe
Territory of the Free City of Cracow (orange) and its three neighbours (Kingdom of Prussia, Austrian Empire and Russian Empire)
Status
Protectorate of Austria, Prussia, and Russia
Capital
Cracow
Common languages
Polish (official), Yiddish, German
Religion
Roman Catholic, Judaism
Government
Constitutional republic
President of the Senate
• 1815–1831
Stanisław Wodzicki [pl]
Legislature
Assembly of Representatives (Kraków)
History
• Established
3 May 1815
• November Uprising
29 November 1830
• Kraków Uprising
16 November 1846
Currency
Polish zloty (to 1835)
Kraków złoty (from 1835)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Duchy of Warsaw
Grand Duchy of Kraków
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Today part of
Poland
The Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory,[a][b] more commonly known as the Free City of Cracow,[c] and the Republic of Cracow,[d] was a city republic created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which included the Polish city of Cracow and its surrounding areas.
It was jointly controlled by its three neighbours (Russia, Prussia, and Austria), and was a centre of agitation for an independent Poland. In 1846, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Kraków Uprising, the Free City of Cracow was annexed by the Austrian Empire.[1] It was a remnant of the Duchy of Warsaw, which was partitioned among the three states after the Congress in 1815.
The Free City of Cracow was an overwhelmingly Polish-speaking city-state; of its population 85% were Catholics, 14% were Jews, while other religions comprised less than 1%. The city of Cracow itself had a Jewish population reaching nearly 40%, while the rest were almost exclusively Polish-speaking Catholics.[2]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^Degan 1997, p. 378.
^Censuses of the Austro-Hungarian Statistical Central Commission, cited in Anson Rabinbach, The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna. Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, p. 46/47 (table III)
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