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Napoleonic client state (1807–1815)
For the medieval state, see Duchy of Warsaw (Middle Ages).
Duchy of Warsaw
Księstwo Warszawskie(Polish) Duché de Varsovie(French) Herzogtum Warschau(German)
1807–1815
Military banner
Coat of arms
The Duchy of Warsaw in 1812
Status
Client state of the French Empire, Personal union with the Kingdom of Saxony
Capital
Warsaw
Common languages
Polish
French
German
Religion
Roman Catholic
Government
Constitutional monarchy
Duke
• 1807–1815
Frederick Augustus I
Prime Minister
• 1807
Stanisław Małachowski
• 1807–1808
Ludwik S. Gutakowski
• 1808–1809
Józef Poniatowski
• 1809–1815
Stanisław K. Potocki
Legislature
Sejm
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Chamber of Deputies
Historical era
Napoleonic Wars
• Treaties of Tilsit
9 June 1807
• Constitution
22 July 1807
• Battle of Raszyn
19 April 1809
• Treaty of Schönbrunn
14 October 1809
• Invasion of Russia
24 June 1812
• Congress of Vienna
9 June 1815
Currency
Złoty
Preceded by
Succeeded by
South Prussia
West Prussia
New East Prussia
Netze District
West Galicia
Congress Poland
Grand Duchy of Posen
West Prussia
Free City of Cracow
The Duchy of Warsaw (Polish: Księstwo Warszawskie; French: Duché de Varsovie; German: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw[1] and Napoleonic Poland,[2] was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars. It initially comprised the ethnically Polish lands ceded to France by Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit, and was augmented in 1809 with territory ceded by Austria in the Treaty of Schönbrunn. It was the first attempt to re-establish Poland as a sovereign state after the 18th-century partitions and covered the central and southeastern parts of present-day Poland.
The duchy was held in personal union by Napoleon's ally, Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, who became the duke of Warsaw and remained a legitimate candidate for the Polish throne. Following Napoleon's failed invasion of Russia, Napoleon seemingly abandoned the duchy, and it was left to be occupied by Prussian and Russian troops until 1815, when it was formally divided between the two countries at the Congress of Vienna. The east-central territory of the duchy acquired by the Russian Empire was subsequently transformed into a polity called Congress Poland, and Prussia formed the Grand Duchy of Posen in the west. The city of Kraków, Poland's cultural centre, was granted "free city" status until its incorporation into Austria in 1846.
^"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Poland". US Department of state.
^The Cambridge History of Poland. Cambridge University Press. 15 September 2016. ISBN 9781316620038.
Constitution of 1791 and joined the DuchyofWarsaw hereditarily to the Royal House of Saxony. Geopolitically the DuchyofWarsaw comprised the areas of the 2nd...
Sejm of the DuchyofWarsaw (Polish: Sejm Księstwa Warszawskiego) was the parliament of the DuchyofWarsaw. It was created in 1807 by Napoleon, who granted...
Duchyof Masovia was a district principality and a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland, existing during the Middle Ages. The state was centered in Mazovia...
Subdivisions of the DuchyofWarsaw were based on departments that were headed by prefects. The subsidivions were based on the French model following the...
Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's DuchyofWarsaw. It was established when the French ceded a part of Polish territory to the Russian Empire following...
Constitution of the DuchyofWarsaw was promulgated by Napoleon on 22 July 1807 in Dresden. Together with the Napoleonic Code it was a significant reform of Polish...
A grand duchy is a country or territory whose official head of state or ruler is a monarch bearing the title of grand duke or grand duchess. Prior to...
It was a remnant of the DuchyofWarsaw, which was partitioned among the three states after the Congress in 1815. The Free City of Cracow was an overwhelmingly...
Swedish Pomerania, most of the Kingdom of Saxony, and the western part of the former DuchyofWarsaw. Austria gained much of northern Italy. Russia added...
Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's DuchyofWarsaw. The...
Austrian Empire even when, in 1807, Napoleon I of France created the DuchyofWarsaw from territories in Greater Poland which Prussia had annexed in the...
all forces of the DuchyofWarsaw, the short-lived Polish state allied with Napoleon I of France. As one of the first recipients of the Virtuti Militari...
third partition of Poland took place, thus ending the first chapter of the Senate's history. During the existence of the Grand DuchyofWarsaw and the Congress...
the DuchyofWarsaw) and all land west of the Elbe river. France recaptured Prussian-occupied Hanover, including Bremen-Verden. The remainder of the kingdom...
Naples in 1799. Nominally the Holy Roman Empire, of which the Austrian Netherlands and the Duchyof Milan were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed...
division of the DuchyofWarsaw at the Congress of Vienna; the 1832 incorporation of the "Congress Kingdom" into Russia, the 1846 incorporation of the Republic...
Polish bonds were issued in 1782 by King Stanisław August. In 1808, the DuchyofWarsaw adopted the Napoleonic code including the Code de Commerce. The Code...
with Austria started. Although the DuchyofWarsaw won the Battle of Raszyn, Austrian troops entered Warsaw, but Duchy and French forces then outflanked...
following the creation of the DuchyofWarsaw in 1807. From 1807 he fought in various battles in Poland. He was killed in the Battle of Kock in 1809 during...
Austrians drove into the DuchyofWarsaw but suffered defeat at the Battle of Raszyn on 19 April 1809. The Army of the DuchyofWarsaw captured West Galicia...
and the DuchyofWarsaw. Austria was supported by the Fifth Coalition which included the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, and the Kingdoms of Sardinia...
Confederation of the Rhine in rebellion against Bavaria in rebellion against France in Illyria in rebellion against the Kingdom of Italy DuchyofWarsaw as a state...
the declaration of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 – the first modern constitution in Europe. Festivities date back to the DuchyofWarsaw early in the 19th...
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