Distribution of fluorescent proteins in animals.The hippocampus of a mouse imaged via fluorescence microscopy.Biofluorescent emission spectra from amphibiansExample uses of fluorescent proteins for imaging in the life sciences
Fluorescence is used in the life sciences generally as a non-destructive way of tracking or analysing biological molecules.
Some proteins or small molecules in cells are naturally fluorescent, which is called intrinsic fluorescence or autofluorescence (such as NADH, tryptophan or endogenous chlorophyll, phycoerythrin or green fluorescent protein). Alternatively, specific or general proteins, nucleic acids, lipids or small molecules can be "labelled" with an extrinsic fluorophore, a fluorescent dye which can be a small molecule, protein or quantum dot. Several techniques exist to exploit additional properties of fluorophores, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, where the energy is passed non-radiatively to a particular neighbouring dye, allowing proximity or protein activation to be detected; another is the change in properties, such as intensity, of certain dyes depending on their environment allowing their use in structural studies.[1][2][3]
^Joseph R. Lakowicz (2006). Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy. Springer. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-0-387-31278-1. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
^Fluorescence Fundamentals. Invitrogen.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-25.
^Juan Carlos Stockert, Alfonso Blázquez-Castro (2017). Fluorescence Microscopy in Life Sciences. Bentham Science Publishers. ISBN 978-1-68108-519-7. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
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Fluorescence is used inthelifesciences generally as a non-destructive way of tracking or analysing biological molecules. Some proteins or small molecules...
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attach to proteins and produce a signal via fluorescence when these perform their biological functions, in particular for distinct conformational changes...
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