For the form of non-volatile computer memory, see Flash memory.
A flashbulb memory is a vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event that has happened in the past.[1][2]
The term "flashbulb memory" suggests the surprise, indiscriminate illumination, detail, and brevity of a photograph; however, flashbulb memories are only somewhat indiscriminate and are far from complete.[2] Evidence has shown that although people are highly confident in their memories, the details of the memories can be forgotten.[3]
Flashbulb memories are one type of autobiographical memory. Some researchers believe that there is reason to distinguish flashbulb memories from other types of autobiographical memories because they rely on elements of personal importance, consequence, emotion, and surprise.[2][4][5] Others believe that ordinary memories can also be accurate and long-lasting if they are highly distinctive, personally significant,[6][7] or repeatedly rehearsed.[8]
Flashbulb memories have six characteristic features: place, ongoing activity, informant, own affect, other affect, and aftermath.[2] Arguably, the principal determinants of a flashbulb memory are a high level of surprise, a high level of consequentiality, and perhaps emotional arousal.
^Cite error: The named reference Davidson P was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Robinson-Riegler, Bridget (2012). Cognitive Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-0-205-03364-5.
^Conway, Martin A. (1995). Flashbulb memories (Essays in cognitive psychology). L. Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 978-0863773532.
^Cite error: The named reference PillemerComment1990 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^McCloskey, Michael; Wible, Cynthia G.; Cohen, Neal J. (June 1988). "Is there a special flashbulb-memory mechanism?" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 117 (2): 171–181. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.117.2.171. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20.
^Weaver, Charles A. (March 1993). "Do you need a "flash" to form a flashbulb memory?". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 122: 39–46. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.1.39. S2CID 144337190.
^Neisser, U. (1982). "Snapshots or benchmarks", Memory Observed: Remembering in Natural Contexts, ed. 43–48, San Francisco: Freeman
A flashbulbmemory is a vivid, long-lasting memory about a surprising or shocking event that has happened in the past. The term "flashbulbmemory" suggests...
Flashbulb may refer to: Flashbulb (photography), lightbulb used in flash photography Flashbulbmemory, a vivid memory of an event The Flashbulb, a pseudonym...
attraction to baseball alerted him to an idea that he would later call a "flashbulbmemory". Neisser attended Harvard University in the late 1940s, graduating...
vivid memories of personal significance, these memories appear to be more accurate than everyday memories. These memories have been termed flashbulb memories...
suggest that memories of shocking events such as the Kennedy Assassination or 9/11 are vividly imprinted in memory (flashbulbmemory). Others have compared...
that flashbulbmemories that took place in the reminiscence bump were exceptionally vivid and easily accessible. It is suggested that the flashbulb memories...
such as visual imagery. Concepts such as "flashbulbmemories", which are powerful autobiographical memories that we often relive, are often built on vivid...
self-report the memory as being particularly vivid. For this reason, eyewitness memory is often listed as an example of flashbulbmemory. However, in a...
as flashbulbmemory recall, strengthens the argument for this phenomenon being universal. With flashbulbmemories the study found a bias in memory immersion...
Eidetic memory (/aɪˈdɛtɪk/ eye-DET-ik), also known as photographic memory and total recall, is the ability to recall an image from memory with high precision—at...
of flashbulbmemories. Anderson (1976) divides long-term memory into declarative (explicit) and procedural (implicit) memories. Declarative memory requires...
S2CID 13888599. McCloskey M, Wible C, Cohen N (1988). "Is there a special Flashbulb-Memory mechanism?" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 117...
chance that a false memory is successfully implanted. False memories are also related to flashbulbmemories, which are memories of one's circumstances...
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the crash. According to theories about flashbulbmemory, the intense shock of the event should have made the memory of the event incredibly accurate. This...
as flashbulbmemories. These are instances in which memories of powerful emotional events are more highly detailed and enduring than regular memories (e...
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of people claim to have eidetic memory, but science has never found a single verifiable case of photographic memory. Eidetic imagery is virtually nonexistent...
memory syndrome (FMS) was a proposed "pattern of beliefs and behaviors" in which a person's identity and relationships are affected by false memories...
contrary to many flashbulbmemory hypotheses, traumatic experiences are less clearly recalled than positive experiences. Positive memories contained more...
In psychology, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can affect thoughts...
The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers is a book by Daniel Schacter, former chair of Harvard University's Psychology Department and...
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