The geologically-rapid increase in fern abundance after extinction events
Succession of an ecosystem following disturbance, in the form of a fern spike.
In paleontology, a fern spike is the occurrence of unusually high spore abundance of ferns in the fossil record, usually immediately (in a geological sense) after an extinction event. The spikes are believed to represent a large, temporary increase in the number of ferns relative to other terrestrial plants after the extinction or thinning of the latter. Fern spikes are strongly associated with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event,[1][2] although they have been found in other points of time and space such as at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.[3][4] Outside the fossil record, fern spikes have been observed to occur in response to local extinction events, such as the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption.[5]
^Schultz, P. H.; D'Hondt, S. (1996). "Cretaceous-Tertiary (Chicxulub) impact angle and its consequences". Geology. 24 (11): 963–967. Bibcode:1996Geo....24..963S. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0963:CTCIAA>2.3.CO;2.
^Vajda, V.; Raine, J. I.; Hollis, C. J. (2001). "Indication of global deforestation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary by New Zealand fern spike". Science. 294 (5547): 1700–1702. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.1700V. doi:10.1126/science.1064706. PMID 11721051.
^Fowell, S. J.; Olsen, P. E. (1993). "Time calibration of Triassic-Jurassic microfloral turnover, eastern North-America". Tectonophysics. 222 (3–4): 361–369. Bibcode:1993Tectp.222..361F. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(93)90359-R.
^Olsen, P. E.; Kent, D. V.; Sues, H. D.; et al. (2002). "Ascent of dinosaurs linked to an iridium anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary". Science. 296 (5571): 1305–1307. Bibcode:2002Sci...296.1305O. doi:10.1126/science.1065522. PMID 12016313.
^Adams, Jonathan (2009). Species Richness: Patterns in the Diversity of Life. Environmental Sciences. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p. 125. ISBN 9783540742784.
In paleontology, a fernspike is the occurrence of unusually high spore abundance of ferns in the fossil record, usually immediately (in a geological...
Pteridological Society Chirosia betuleti - Fern gall FernspikeFern sports Paisley (design) Pteridophyte Silver fern flag President, International Association...
extinctions, such as with the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption, which led to a fernspike extinction. Heat waves can lead to local extinction. In New Zealand, during...
especially rich in fern fossils. Ferns are often the first species to colonize areas damaged by forest fires, so this "fernspike" may mark the recovery...
Chicxulub crater, a 2010 radiometric and palynological study of fern spore (fernspikes) abundance suggested the Boltysh impact may have occurred several...
"the fernspike" (meaning that if the abundance of spores as a function of stratigraphic position were plotted out, the graph would show a spike just...
"the fernspike" (meaning that if the abundance of spores as a function of stratigraphic position were plotted out, the graph would show a spike just...
Fern Hollow Animal Stories is a series of over sixteen books written and illustrated by British author John Patience. The series of books revolve around...
of species such as the small-spike false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), royal fern (Osmunda spectabilis), resurrection fern (Pleopeltis polypodioides ssp...
leptosporangiate ferns, formerly Leptosporangiatae, are one of four subclasses of ferns, the largest of these being the largest group of living ferns, including...
intricate structure completely clad in epiphytes such as orchids, ferns, peacock ferns, spike- and clubmosses, bromeliads and anthuriums. The design by Grant...
Midsummer Banquet The Mysterious Fortune Teller Spike and the Cowboy Band John Patience - Bibliography Fern Hollow Animal Stories John Patience Foreign Rights...
Actinostachys pennula, the ray spikedfern or tropical curly-grass, is a fern native mainly to Southern Florida and is an endangered plant species. S....
Eusporangiate ferns are vascular spore plants, whose sporangia arise from several epidermal cells and not from a single cell as in leptosporangiate ferns. Typically...
Global Deforestation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary by New Zealand FernSpike. Science 294:5547 1700-1702. doi:10.1126/science.1064706 Vajda, V., McLoughlin...
Helminthostachys zeylanica is a terrestrial, herbaceous fern of southeastern Asia and Australia, commonly known as kamraj and tunjuk-langit. The species...
an impact event, leading into "negative photosynthesis" and finally fernspikes; the track is also dedicated to black pianist Margaret Bonds, whose piano...
Ophioglossum azoricum, the small adder's-tongue fern or lesser adder's-tongue fern, is a small fern of the family Ophioglossaceae. Ophioglossum azoricum...
Ophioglossaceae, the adder's-tongue family, is a small family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the...
They are sometimes included in an informal paraphyletic group called the "fern allies". S. moellendorffii is an important model organism. Its genome has...
California. Fern's sister lends her the money to get the van fixed. She questions why Fern was never around in their lives and why Fern stayed in Empire...
occur on mustard (genus Brassica) and radish (genus Raphanus) plants. A Spike (botany) is an unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence, similar to a raceme...
as adder's-tongue, southern adder's-tongue or adder's-tongue fern, is a species of fern in the family Ophioglossaceae. The chloroplast genome was reported...
synonym Cyathea dregei, (common tree fern or gewone boomvaring in Afrikaans) is a widespread species of tree fern in southern Africa. Within South Africa...
(screenplay); Rebecca Hall, Brian Tyree Henry, Dan Stevens, Kaylee Hottle, Alex Ferns, Fala Chen Asphalt City Roadside Attractions / Vertical Entertainment /...
and 2016 The FEU Tamaraw Spikers won their first UAAP volleyball title in season 9 (1946–47), while the FEU Lady Tamaraw Spikers won their first in season...
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