Paleontological camp of Museum of the Rockies in eastern Montana – Hell Creek Formation (summer dig season 2009)
The Hell Creek Formation is an intensively studied division of mostly Upper Cretaceous and some lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana. The formation stretches over portions of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.[1] In Montana, the Hell Creek Formation overlies the Fox Hills Formation. The site of Pompeys Pillar National Monument is a small isolated section of the Hell Creek Formation. In 1966, the Hell Creek Fossil Area was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
It is a series of fresh and brackish-water clays, mudstones, and sandstones deposited during the Maastrichtian and Danian (respectively, the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Paleogene) by fluvial activity in fluctuating river channels and deltas and very occasional peaty swamp deposits along the low-lying eastern continental margin fronting the late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway.[2] The climate was mild, and the presence of crocodilians along with palm trees suggets a subtropical and temperate climate, with no prolonged annual cold. The famous iridium-enriched Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, which separates the Cretaceous from the Cenozoic, occurs as a discontinuous but distinct thin marker bedding above and occasionally within the formation, near its boundary with the overlying Fort Union Formation.
The world's largest collection of Hell Creek fossils is housed and exhibited at the Museum of the Rockies, in Bozeman, Montana.[3] The specimens displayed are the result of the museum's Hell Creek Project, a joint effort between the museum, Montana State University, the University of Washington,[4] the University of California, Berkeley, the University of North Dakota, and the University of North Carolina which began in 1998.
^White, Paul D.; Fastovsky, David E.; Sheehan, Peter M. (February 1998). "Taphonomy and Suggested Structure of the Dinosaurian Assemblage of the Hell Creek Formation (Maastrichtian), Eastern Montana and Western North Dakota". PALAIOS. 13 (1). SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology: 41–51. Bibcode:1998Palai..13...41W. doi:10.2307/3515280. JSTOR 3515280. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
^Fowler, Denver (5 November 2020). "The Hell Creek Formation, Montana: A Stratigraphic Review and Revision Based on a Sequence Stratigraphic Approach". Geosciences. 10 (11): 435. Bibcode:2020Geosc..10..435F. doi:10.3390/geosciences10110435. ISSN 2076-3263.
^Boswell, Evelyn. "Paradise in Hell Creek". Montana State University. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
^Wilson Lab
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oviraptorosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the end-Maastrichtian HellCreekFormation of North America". PLOS ONE. 19 (1). e0294901. Bibcode:2024PLoSO...
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eastern Wyoming in 1900. Brown found another partial skeleton in the HellCreekFormation in Montana in 1902, comprising approximately 34 fossilized bones...
Anzu wyliei - (HellCreekFormation, North Dakota and South Dakota, United States) Apatoraptor pennatus - (Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta) Beibeilong...
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Cretaceous (upper Maastrichtian stage, 67.2-66.0 Ma) in what is now the HellCreekFormation. The type species and only species, Anzu wyliei is known from numerous...
unidentified species of Thescelosaurus, from the late Maastrichtian-age HellCreekFormation of Harding County, South Dakota, USA. He drew attention to its premaxillary...
orchid genus Stan (dinosaur), a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil found at the HellCreekFormation, South Dakota, US ST segment, analysis in electrocardiography Stan...
the HellCreekFormation of Montana. The other was C. laramiensis, named from AMNH 982, a nearly complete skeleton and skull, also found in the Hell Creek...
phylum, Russia Paleobiota of the HellCreekFormation, northern United States Paleobiota of the Morrison Formation, western United States Largest prehistoric...
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