The Polypodiidae, commonly called leptosporangiate ferns, formerly Leptosporangiatae, are one of four subclasses of ferns, the largest of these being the largest group of living ferns, including some 11,000 species worldwide.[2][3][4] The group has also been treated as the class Pteridopsida or Polypodiopsida,[5] although other classifications assign them a different rank.[6] Older names for the group include Filicidae and Filicales, although at least the "water ferns" (now the Salviniales) were then treated separately.
The leptosporangiate ferns are one of the four major groups of ferns, with the other three being the eusporangiate ferns comprising the marattioid ferns (Marattiidae, Marattiaceae), the horsetails (Equisetiidae, Equisetaceae), and whisk ferns and moonworts.[4][5] There are approximately 8465 species of living leptosporangiate ferns, compared with about 2070 for all other ferns, totalling 10535 species of ferns.[3] Almost a third of leptosporangiate fern species are epiphytes.[7]
These ferns are called leptosporangiate because their sporangia arise from a single epidermal cell and not from a group of cells as in eusporangiate ferns (a polyphyletic lineage). The mature sporangia have a wall that is just a single cell thick,[8] and are typically covered with a scale called the indusium, which can cover the whole sorus, forming a ring or cup around the sorus, or can also be strongly reduced to completely absent. Many leptosporangiate ferns have an annulus around the sporangium, which ejects the spores.[9]
^Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016).
^Cite error: The named reference Palm04 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abChristenhusz & Chase (2014).
^ abChristenhusz et al. (2011).
^ abSmith et al. (2006).
^Chase & Reveal (2009).
^Cite error: The named reference Schu07 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lack, Andrew J.; Evans, David E. (2005). Plant Biology. ISBN 9780415356435.
^Llorens, C.; Argentina, M.; Rojas, N.; Westbrook, J.; Dumais, J.; Noblin, X. (2016). "The fern cavitation catapult: Mechanism and design principles". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13 (114). doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0930. PMC 4759797. PMID 26763327.
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leptosporangiateferns, formerly Leptosporangiatae, are one of four subclasses of ferns, the largest of these being the largest group of living ferns...
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Dryopteris villarii, commonly known as the rigid buckler fern, is a perennial leptosporangiatefern native to Central and South East Europe as well as the...
Dryopteris aemula, the hay-scented buckler-fern or hay-scented fern, is a species of perennial leptosporangiatefern. Dryopteris aemula grows as a crown of...
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The Barnsley fern is a fractal named after the British mathematician Michael Barnsley who first described it in his book Fractals Everywhere. He made it...
sperm or eggs but not both.[citation needed] In most ferns, for example, in the leptosporangiatefern Dryopteris, the gametophyte is a photosynthetic free...
including horsetails (Equisetaceae), whisk ferns (Psilotaceae), and all eusporangiate and all leptosporangiateferns. Historically both lycophytes and monilophytes...
Gleicheniales is an order of ferns in the subclass Polypodiidae (the leptosporangiateferns). The Gleicheniales have records potentially as early as the...
al. (2015). Nathalie S. Nagalingum; David J. Cantrill (2015). "The Albian fern flora of Alexander Island, Antarctica". Cretaceous Research. 55: 303–330...
known as the Appalachian bristle fern or Appalachian filmy fern, is a small delicate perennial leptosporangiatefern which forms colonies with long, black...
informally known as the leptosporangiateferns, while the remaining three groups (subclasses) are referred to as eusporangiate ferns. The Polypodiidae have...
tunbrigense, the Tunbridge filmy fern or Tunbridge filmy-fern, is a small, fragile perennial leptosporangiatefern which forms large dense colonies of...
Hymenophyllum wilsonii, the Wilson's filmy-fern, is a small, fragile, perennial leptosporangiatefern which forms large dense colonies from creeping rhizomes...
Osmundastrum is genus of leptosporangiateferns in the family Osmundaceae with one living species, Osmundastrum cinnamomeum, the cinnamon fern. It is native to...
non-cladistic) classification in line with PPG I for all rhizome fossils of king ferns (Osmundales), which recognizes and describes two families with two subfamilies...
second largest group are the leptosporangiateferns, with about 2,800 species (10% of epiphytes). About one-third of all fern species are epiphytes. The...
differentiated in the vascular plants. In a leptosporangium, found only in leptosporangiateferns, development involves a single initial cell that becomes the stalk...
Frojdová, J.; Feng, Z. (2023). "Szea yunnanensis sp. nov., a new leptosporangiatefern from the Lopingian of Southwest China". Review of Palaeobotany and...
Dryopteris nigropaleacea is a species of perennial leptosporangiatefern endemic to parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan, western Nepal, and Himachal Pradesh...
Shi-Min Ma (2016). "Diodonopteris, a new genus of the Paleozoic leptosporangiatefern family Botryopteridaceae, from the lower Permian of Shanxi Province...
Frojdová, J.; Bek, J.; Opluštil, S.; Wang, J. (2022). "Two new leptosporangiateferns from in situ volcanic ash of the Whetstone Horizon (Kladno Formation...
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