"Work to death" redirects here. For unintentional death by overwork, see Karoshi.
The Todesstiege ("Stairs of Death") at the Mauthausen concentration camp quarry in Upper Austria. Inmates were forced to carry heavy rocks up the stairs. In their severely weakened state, few prisoners could cope with this back-breaking labour for long.Commemorative plaque in Hamburg-Neugraben
Extermination through labour (or "extermination through work", German: Vernichtung durch Arbeit) is a term that was adopted to describe forced labor in Nazi concentration camps whose inmates were held in inhumane conditions and suffered a high mortality rate; in some camps most prisoners died within a few months of incarceration.[1] In the 21st century, research has questioned whether there was a general policy of extermination through labor in the Nazi concentration camp system because of widely varying conditions between camps.[2] German historian Jens-Christian Wagner argues that the camp system involved the exploitation of forced labor of some prisoners and the systematic murder of others, especially Jews, with only limited overlap between these two groups.[1]
Some writers, notably Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, have written that the Soviet Gulag system was also a form of extermination through labour. Similar statements have been made about the Laogai system under Mao Zedong's China.
^ abWAGNER, JENS-CHRISTIAN (2009). "Work and extermination in the concentration camps". Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany. Annihilation through labour?: Routledge. pp. 139–160. doi:10.4324/9780203865200-12. ISBN 978-0-203-86520-0.
^Buggeln, Marc (2009). "Building to Death: Prisoner Forced Labour in the German War Economy — the Neuengamme Subcamps, 1942—1945". European History Quarterly. 39 (4): 606–632. doi:10.1177/0265691409342658. S2CID 10534453.
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