It has been suggested that Environmental Epigenetics - Exposure be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since April 2024.
Influence the environment on gene expression
Environmental epigenetics is a branch of epigenetics that studies the influence of external environmental factors on the gene expression of a developing embryo.[1] The way that genes are expressed may be passed down from parent to offspring through epigenetic modifications, although environmental influences do not alter the genome itself.
During embryonic development, epigenetic modifications determine which genes are expressed, which in turn determines the embryo's phenotype. When the offspring is still developing, genes can be turned on and off depending on exposure to certain environmental factors. While certain genes being turned on or off can increase the risk of developmental diseases or abnormal phenotypes, there is also the possibility that the phenotype will be non-functional.[2] Environmental influence on epigenetics is highly variable, but certain environmental factors can greatly increase the risk of detrimental diseases being expressed at both early and adult life stages.[3]
^Rosenfeld CS (March 2010). "Animal models to study environmental epigenetics". Biology of Reproduction. 82 (3): 473–488. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.109.080952. PMID 19828779. S2CID 35334680.
^Cite error: The named reference McCaw_2020 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Ho SM, Johnson A, Tarapore P, Janakiram V, Zhang X, Leung YK (2012). "Environmental epigenetics and its implication on disease risk and health outcomes". ILAR Journal. 53 (3–4): 289–305. doi:10.1093/ilar.53.3-4.289. PMC 4021822. PMID 23744968.
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