Education for All Handicapped Children Act information
USA law granting equal access to education for children with disabilities
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Long title
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Acronyms (colloquial)
EAHCA/EHA
Enacted by
the 94th United States Congress
Effective
3500
Citations
Public law
Pub. L. 94-142
Codification
Titles amended
20
Legislative history
Passed the Senate on June 18, 1975 (83-10)
Passed the House on July 29, 1975
Reported by the joint conference committee on November 14, 1975; agreed to by the House on November 18, 1975 (404-7) and by the Senate on November 19, 1975 (87-7)
Signed into law by President Gerald Ford on November 29, 1975
Major amendments
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
United States Supreme Court cases
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176 (1982)
Irving Independent School Dist. v. Tatro, 468 U.S. 883 (1984)
Smith v. Robinson, 468 U.S. 992 (1984)
Honig v. Students of Cal. School for Blind, 471 U.S. 148 (1985)
Burlington School Comm. v. Mass. Dept. of Ed., 471 U.S. 359 (1985)
Honig v. Doe, 484 U.S. 305 (1988)
Dellmuth v. Muth, 491 U.S. 223 (1989)
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (sometimes referred to using the acronyms EAHCA or EHA, or Public Law (PL) 94-142) was enacted by the United States Congress in 1975. This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools were required to evaluate children with disabilities and create an educational plan with parent input that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students. The act was an amendment to Part B of the Education of the Handicapped Act enacted in 1966.[1]
The act also required that school districts provide administrative procedures so that parents of disabled children could dispute decisions made about their children's education. Once the administrative efforts were exhausted, parents were then authorized to seek judicial review of the administration's decision. Prior to the enactment of EHA, parents could take their disputes straight to the judiciary under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The mandatory system of dispute resolution created by EHA was an effort to alleviate the financial burden created by litigation pursuant to the Rehabilitation Act.
PL 94-142 also contains a provision that disabled students should be placed in the least restrictive environment-one that allows the maximum possible opportunity to interact with non-impaired students. Separate schooling may only occur when the nature or severity of the disability is such that instructional goals cannot be achieved in the regular classroom. Finally, the law contains a due process clause that guarantees an impartial hearing to resolve conflicts between the parents of disabled children to the school system.
The law was passed to meet four huge goals:
To ensure that special education services are available to children who need them
To guarantee that decisions about services to students with disabilities are fair and appropriate
To establish specific management and auditing requirements for special education
To provide federal funds to help the states educate students with disabilities
EHA was revised and renamed as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 1990 for improvement of special education and inclusive education.
^Boyer, Ernest (February 1979). "Public Law 94-142: A Promising Start?" (PDF). Educational Leadership. 36 (5): 300. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
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