(1850-01-06)6 January 1850 Schöneberg, Kingdom of Prussia
Died
18 December 1932(1932-12-18) (aged 82) Berlin, Free State of Prussia, German Reich
Political party
SDAP (1872–1875) SPD (1875–1917) USPD (1917–1919) SPD (1918–1932)
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Era
Modern philosophy
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Western philosophy
German philosophy
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Socialism
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Politics, economy, sociology
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Social democracy Revisionism
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Eduard Bernstein (German:[ˈeːduaʁtˈbɛʁnʃtaɪn]; 6 January 1850 – 18 December 1932) was a German social democratic Marxist theorist and politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), Bernstein had held close association to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but he began to identify what he believed to be errors in Marxist thinking and began to criticize views held by Marxism when he investigated and challenged the Marxist materialist theory of history.[1] He rejected significant parts of Marxist theory that were based upon Hegelian metaphysics and rejected the Hegelian perspective of an immanent economic necessity to socialism.[2]
^Berman, Sheri. Social Democracy and the Making of Europe's Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press, 2006. pp. 38–39.
^Michael Harrington. Socialism: Past and Future. Reprint edition of original published in 1989. New York, New York, USA: Arcade Publishing, 2011. P. 251.
EduardBernstein (German: [ˈeːduaʁt ˈbɛʁnʃtaɪn]; 6 January 1850 – 18 December 1932) was a German social democratic Marxist theorist and politician. A member...
gradualist form of socialism promoted by the British Fabian Society and EduardBernstein's evolutionary socialism in Germany. Following the rise of "actually...
York City EduardBernstein (1850–1932), German Social Democrat Elmer Bernstein (1922–2004), American composer and conductor Elsa Bernstein (1866–1949)...
it as a "revisionist crisis". Considered the father of revisionism, EduardBernstein is regarded the main proponent in precipitating one of the greatest...
remained committed to social revolution. In developing social democracy, EduardBernstein rejected orthodox Marxism's revolutionary and materialist foundations...
Kautsky's line is primarily to distinguish it from the reformism of EduardBernstein. Such "revisionists" were reviled by the orthodox Marxists for breaking...
His positions led to disputes with other leading Marxists, including EduardBernstein, who favored a reformist approach; Rosa Luxemburg, who advocated revolutionary...
publish it under his own name in 1859. The work was characterized by EduardBernstein, an early and sympathetic biographer, as awkward and prone to excessive...
ones. Friedrich Engels was jubilant about the split, declaring to EduardBernstein: "I have the satisfaction of having seen through the whole racket from...
as H. M. Hyndman". Reformism arose as an alternative to revolution. EduardBernstein was a leading social democrat in Germany who proposed the concept of...
contrast, critics such as revisionist Marxist and reformist socialist EduardBernstein distinguished between "immature" early Marxism—as exemplified by The...
Bauer(Classical) David Ben-Gurion Victor L. Berger Ingmar Bergman EduardBernstein(Classical) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Robert Blatchford Hjalmar Branting Ed...
circumstances did not favour revolution caused confusion. Marxist revisionist EduardBernstein interpreted this as indicating that Engels was moving towards accepting...
Congress at Erfurt in 1891. Formulated under the political guidance of EduardBernstein, August Bebel, and Karl Kautsky, it superseded the earlier Gotha Program...
works such as The State and Revolution attacked figures including EduardBernstein. In the 20th century, George Orwell's Animal Farm was a polemic against...
speech against the government was just. The theoretician and politician EduardBernstein wrote of Lilburne's trial: His contention that the constitution of...
and individually-owned enterprises. The social democratic theorist EduardBernstein advocated a form of a mixed economy, believing that a mixed system...
Party of Germany (SPD) began with the revisionist debate triggered by EduardBernstein. He and his supporters sought to achieve socialism not through revolution...
the scrap-heap". Socialists that embraced reformism, exemplified by EduardBernstein, took the view that both socialism and a socialist state will gradually...
member of the Labour Party and founder of the Socialist Campaign Group EduardBernstein, member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany Aneurin Bevan, father...
socialism is distinguished from evolutionary socialism as espoused by EduardBernstein, which fully advocates for incremental reform, centered around parliamentary...
socialist theoretical journal, Der Kampf, was inspired from Die Neue Zeit. EduardBernstein Wilhelm Blos Heinrich Cunow Friedrich Engels Paul Ernst Konrad Haenisch...
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Mikhail Bakunin), Ferdinand Lassalle, the Fabians, EduardBernstein, and American socialists like Edward Bellamy. The final sections separate...
economical forms of society." Other Marxists and Marx-scholars—including EduardBernstein, Gerald Hubmann, György Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, Maurice...