Group of extinct Indo-European languages in the Germanic family
East Germanic
Oder-Vistula Germanic, Illevionic (uncommon)
Geographic distribution
Varying depending on time (4th–18th centuries), currently all languages are extinct Until late 4th century: Central and Eastern Europe (as far as Crimea) late 4th–early 10th centuries: Much of southern, western, southeastern, and eastern Europe (as far as Crimea) and North Africa early 10th–late 18th centuries — disputed (cp. Crimean Gothic): Isolated areas in Eastern Europe (as far as Crimea)
Linguistic classification
Indo-European
Germanic
East Germanic
Subdivisions
Gothic †
Vandalic †
Burgundian † (?)
ISO 639-5
gme
Glottolog
east2805
The distribution of the primary Germanic languages in Europe c. AD 1:
North Germanic
North Sea Germanic, or Ingvaeonic
Weser–Rhine Germanic, or Istvaeonic
Elbe Germanic, or Irminonic
East Germanic †
The East Germanic languages, also called the Oder-Vistula Germanic languages, are a group of extinct Germanic languages that were spoken by East Germanic peoples. East Germanic is one of the primary branches of Germanic languages, along with North Germanic and West Germanic.
The only East Germanic language of which texts are known is Gothic, although a word list and some short sentences survive from the debatedly-related Crimean Gothic. Other East Germanic languages include Vandalic and Burgundian, though the only remnants of these languages are in the form of isolated words and short phrases. Furthermore, the inclusion of Burgundian has been called into doubt.[1] Crimean Gothic is believed to have survived until the 18th century in isolated areas of Crimea.[2]: 189
^Wolfram, Herwig (1997). The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples. University of California Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-0520085114. For a long time linguists considered the Burgundians to be an East Germanic people, but today they are no longer so sure.
^MacDonald Stearns Jr. (1989). "Das Krimgotische" [Crimean Gothic]. In Beck, Heinrich (ed.). Germanische Rest- und Trümmersprachen (in German). Berlin: W. de Gruyter. pp. 175–194. ISBN 3-11-011948-X.
and 24 Related for: East Germanic languages information
peoples. EastGermanic is one of the primary branches of Germaniclanguages, along with North Germanic and West Germanic. The only EastGermaniclanguage of...
with the West Germaniclanguages and the extinct EastGermaniclanguages. The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation...
The Germaniclanguages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe...
The Germaniclanguages include some 58 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is part of the Indo-European...
(the others being the North Germanic and the extinct EastGermaniclanguages). The West Germanic branch is classically subdivided into three branches:...
the use of ancient and early medieval Germaniclanguages and are thus equated at least approximately with Germanic-speaking peoples, although different...
the group of Germaniclanguages—a stricter term for that same proposition, but with an alternative chronography, is Proto-Germaniclanguage. As an identifiable...
mainly Romance, languages. As a Germaniclanguage, Gothic is a part of the Indo-European language family. It is the earliest Germaniclanguage that is attested...
Germanic into a North Germanic and a South Germanic (or Continental Germanic) group, with the Scandinavian (or Nordic) languages and the extinct East...
North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic (/ˌɪŋviːˈɒnɪk/ ING-vee-ON-ik), is a postulated grouping of the northern West Germaniclanguages that consists...
divided into North, West and EastGermanic groups, and ultimately produced a large group of mediaeval and modern languages, most importantly: Danish, Norwegian...
Northwest Germanic is a proposed grouping of the Germaniclanguages, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists. It does not...
research into the Germaniclanguages began in the 16th century, with the discovery of literary texts in the earlier phases of the languages. Early modern...
Proto-Germanic, the resulting language, Old High German (henceforth, OHG), can be neatly contrasted with the other continental West Germaniclanguages, which...
form the North Sea Germaniclanguages. However, modern English and Frisian are not mutually intelligible, nor are Frisian languages intelligible among...
English), continental (Frankish, Old High German and Low German), and EastGermanic (see Gothic names) forms. By the High Middle Ages, many of these names...
Continental Germanic mythology. It was a key element of Germanic paganism. As the Germaniclanguages developed from Proto-Indo-European language, Germanic mythology...
Proto-Norse language from around 200 AD, a language that around 800 AD became the Old Norse language, which in turn later became the North Germaniclanguages of...
ancient Germanic record. Examples include: Old English Æcerbot: A charm that describes a ritual wherein the speaker should bow nine times to the east. Nine...
aforementioned Second Germanic consonant shift. The Germaniclanguages are traditionally divided into three groups: West, East and North Germanic. Their exact...
distinct language continuum with extensive loaning from Latin (due to their ongoing contact with the Romans), whereas the EastGermaniclanguages were dying...
The list of early Germanic peoples is a register of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groups, and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilisations...
Germanic toponyms are the names given to places by Germanic peoples and tribes. Besides areas with current speakers of Germaniclanguages, many regions...