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Germanic verbs information


The Germanic language family is one of the language groups that resulted from the breakup of Proto-Indo-European (PIE). It in turn divided into North, West and East Germanic groups, and ultimately produced a large group of mediaeval and modern languages, most importantly: Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish (North); English, Dutch and German (West); and Gothic (East, extinct).

The Germanic verb system lends itself to both descriptive (synchronic) and historical (diachronic) comparative analysis. This overview article is intended to lead into a series of specialist articles discussing historical aspects of these verbs, showing how they developed out of PIE, and how they came to have their present diversity.

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Germanic verbs

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All Indo-European verbs that passed into Germanic as functioning verbs were strong, apart from the small group of irregular verbs discussed below. The...

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Germanic strong verb

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the Germanic languages, a strong verb is a verb that marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel. The majority of the remaining verbs form...

Word Count : 12200

Germanic weak verb

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In the Germanic languages, weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs, and are therefore often regarded as the norm (the regular verbs). They are...

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Germanic umlaut

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conjugation of Germanic strong verbs such as sing/sang/sung. While Germanic umlaut has had important consequences for all modern Germanic languages, its...

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Germanic languages

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tense. The vast majority of verbs in all Germanic languages are weak; the remaining verbs with vowel ablaut are the strong verbs. The distinction has been...

Word Count : 9399

Regular and irregular verbs

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a limited number of verbs, or if it requires the specification of more than one principal part (as with the German strong verbs), views may differ as...

Word Count : 2546

West Germanic languages

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West Germanic is the preservation of grammatischer Wechsel in most verbs, particularly in Old High German. This implies the same for West Germanic, whereas...

Word Count : 4752

North Sea Germanic

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with OHG lembir The development of Class III weak verbs into a relic class consisting of four verbs (*sagjan "to say", *hugjan "to think", *habjan "to...

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English irregular verbs

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Irregular verbs typically followed more regular patterns at a previous stage in the history of English. In particular, many such verbs derive from Germanic strong...

Word Count : 4857

German verbs

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strong verbs to become weak. As German is a Germanic language, the German verb can be understood historically as a development of the Germanic verb. The...

Word Count : 5751

Verb

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verbs Germanic verbs Hebrew verb conjugation Hungarian verbs Ilokano verbs Irish verbs Italian verbs Japanese godan and ichidan verbs Japanese verb conjugations...

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English phrasal verbs

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the term "phrasal verb" primarily to verbs with particles in order to distinguish phrasal verbs from verb phrases composed of a verb and a collocated preposition...

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Grammatischer Wechsel

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primary underived verbs and so any derived verbs lacked perfect forms altogether. The latter verbs formed the base of the Germanic weak verbs and did not inherit...

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Germanic spirant law

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weak verbs. As the weak past participle was formed with the Proto-Indo-European suffix *-tos, the assimilation could have occurred in all verbs with stems...

Word Count : 1404

West Germanic gemination

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syllables; heavy syllables were not changed. Compare, for example, the Germanic verbs *fūlijaną 'to defile' and *fuljaną 'to fill, to make full', which appear...

Word Count : 641

Old English grammar

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only four verbs. By the Old English period, new class I weak verbs had stopped being produced, but so many had been coined in Proto-Germanic that they...

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Gothic verbs

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Gothic verbs have the most complex conjugation of any attested Germanic language. Most categories reconstructed for the Proto-Germanic verb system are...

Word Count : 1898

Germanic peoples

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the Germanic verb system (notably in strong verbs), or the merger of the vowels a and o qualities (ə, a, o > a; ā, ō > ō). During the Pre-Germanic linguistic...

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English verbs

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Verbs constitute one of the main parts of speech (word classes) in the English language. Like other types of words in the language, English verbs are...

Word Count : 5127

Modal verb

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advice. Modal verbs generally accompany the base (infinitive) form of another verb having semantic content. In English, the modal verbs commonly used...

Word Count : 1487

V2 word order

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embedded verb second. The embedded verb second in these kinds of languages usually occur after 'bridge verbs'. (Bridge verbs are common verbs of speech...

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Germanic substrate hypothesis

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The Germanic substrate hypothesis attempts to explain the purportedly distinctive nature of the Germanic languages within the context of the Indo-European...

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Auxiliary verb

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auxiliary verbs. Below are some sentences that contain representative auxiliary verbs from English, Spanish, German and French, with the auxiliary verb marked...

Word Count : 2688

Transitive verb

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transitive verbs, some verbs take zero objects. Verbs that do not require an object are called intransitive verbs. An example in modern English is the verb to...

Word Count : 1618

Gothic language

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early Germanic languages: dual inflections on verbs, morphological passive voice for verbs, reduplication in the past tense of Class VII strong verbs, clitic...

Word Count : 9687

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