Left: Arms of Ascanians (from around 1000), who ruled the Duchy of Saxony last Right: Coat of arms of the Palatinate of Saxony (institutied in the southern part of the duchy)
Attributed arms of the Duchy of Saxony
The Saxon Steed[Note 1]
Saxony around 1000 CE, within the German Kingdom
Status
Stem duchy
of the Carolingian Empire (843–911)
of East Francia (911–962)
State of the Holy Roman Empire (from 962)
Capital
None (ducal) Allstedt (seat of the Palatinate)
Official languages
Latin
Common languages
Old Saxon Middle Low German
Religion
Roman Catholic (official) Germanic paganism
Government
Feudal Duchy
Historical era
Middle Ages
• Formation by Charlemagne
804
• Welf ascendancy
1137
• Expanded by conquest
1142
• Welfs deposed, Ascanians enfeoffed with severely belittled duchy
1180
• John I and Albert II co-rulers
1260
• Competences divided
1269, 1272 and 1282
• Definite partition into Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg
1296
• Wittenberg Ascanian line extinct; reunification failed
1422
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Old Saxony
Saxe-Wittenberg
Saxe-Lauenburg
Westphalia
Oldenburg
Principality of Anhalt
County of Blankenburg
Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
Prince-Bishopric of Münster
Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim
County of Tecklenburg
County of Holstein
County of Hoya
Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg
Prince-Bishopric of Verden
Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck
Prince-Bishopric of Minden
Lordship of Lippe
Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince-Bishopric of Ratzeburg
The Duchy of Saxony (Low German: Hartogdom Sassen, German: Herzogtum Sachsen) was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages, when they were subdued by Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars from 772 and incorporated into the Carolingian Empire (Francia) by 804. Upon the 843 Treaty of Verdun, Saxony was one of the five German stem duchies of East Francia; Duke Henry the Fowler was elected German king in 919.
Upon the deposition of the Welf duke Henry the Lion in 1180, the ducal title fell to the House of Ascania, while numerous territories split from Saxony, such as the Principality of Anhalt in 1218 and the Welf Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. In 1296, the remaining lands were divided between the Ascanian dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg, the latter obtaining the title of Electors of Saxony by the Golden Bull of 1356.
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The DuchyofSaxony (Low German: Hartogdom Sassen, German: Herzogtum Sachsen) was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages...
over the full area of the old DuchyofSaxony that had been awarded to him, with the result that the new Ascanian DuchyofSaxony was formed only by his...
territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 6th century to the end of the German monarchies in 1918. The electors ofSaxony from John...
Lotharingia (Lorraine), Saxony and Swabia (Alemannia). The Salian emperors (reigned 1027–1125) retained the stem duchies as the major divisions of Germany, but the...
dissolution of the stem duchy in the late 13th century to distinguish the parts of the former duchy ruled by the House of Welf from the Electorate ofSaxony on...
9th century, most of Anhalt was part of the DuchyofSaxony. In the 12th century, it came under the rule of Albert the Bear, margrave of Brandenburg. Albert...
greater region of Westphalia, originally one of the three main regions in the German stem duchyofSaxony and today part of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia...
kingdom ofSaxony and the small Ernestine duchies to the south. Its shape was very irregular and it entirely surrounded enclaves of Brunswick and some of the...
The Duchyof Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). It was established...
Old Saxony (700–785) Widukind's White Steed as ensign of the DuchyofSaxony, claimed by the House of Welf from 1361, adopted by the Electorate of Hanover...
The Duchyof Bavaria (German: Herzogtum Bayern) was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from the sixth through the eighth...
stem DuchyofSaxony in the north, Austrasian Lorraine (Upper and Lower Lorraine) in the west, the Duchyof Swabia in the southwest and the Duchyof Bavaria...
southeastern parts of present-day Poland. The duchy was held in personal union by Napoleon's ally, Frederick Augustus I ofSaxony, who became the duke of Warsaw and...
as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin in the German stem duchyofSaxony. The family itself is also sometimes known as the Liudolfings (Liudolfinger)...
He was the eldest son of Henry the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim. Otto inherited the DuchyofSaxony and the kingship of the Germans upon his father's...
Billung became Duke ofSaxony, his March was merged with the duchy. In the case of Gero, Otto I, now emperor, decided the division of his territories, greatly...
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