Saxony (German: Sachsen[ˈzaksn̩]ⓘ; Upper Saxon: Saggsn; Upper Sorbian: Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen[ˈfʁaɪʃtaːtˈzaksn̩]; Upper Saxon: Freischdaad Saggsn; Upper Sorbian: Swobodny stat Sakska), is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig. Saxony is the tenth largest of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of 18,413 square kilometres (7,109 sq mi), and the sixth most populous, with more than 4 million inhabitants.
The term Saxony has been in use for more than a millennium. It was used for the medieval Duchy of Saxony, the Electorate of Saxony of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Saxony, and twice for a republic. The first Free State of Saxony was established in 1918 as a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. After World War II, it was under Soviet occupation before it became part of communist East Germany and was abolished by the government in 1952. Following German reunification, the Free State of Saxony was reconstituted with enlarged borders in 1990 and became one of the five new states of the Federal Republic of Germany.
The area of the modern state of Saxony should not be confused with Old Saxony, the area inhabited by Saxons. Old Saxony corresponds roughly to the modern German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and the Westphalian part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
^"Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – 1991 bis 2019". statistik-bw.de. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
^"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
Lower Saxony (German: Niedersachsen [ˈniːdɐzaksn̩] ; Low German: Neddersassen; Saterland Frisian: Läichsaksen) is a German state (Land) in northwestern...
territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 6th century to the end of the German monarchies in 1918. The electors of Saxony from John...
The Kingdom of Saxony (German: Königreich Sachsen), lasting from 1806 to 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic...
Albert of Saxony may refer to: Albert, King of Saxony (1828–1902) Albert I, Duke of Saxony (ca. 1175–1260) Albert II, Duke of Saxony (ca. 1250–1298) Albert...
Frederick of Saxony may refer to: Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, or Frederick the Belligerent (1370–1428), ruler of Saxony from 1422 to 1428 Frederick...
The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (German: Kurfürstentum Sachsen or Kursachsen), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806...
Magdalena of Saxony (7 March 1507 – 25 January 1534) was Margravine of Brandenburg, its "Electoral Princess", the Electoral equivalent of a crown princess...
The Duchy of Saxony (Low German: Hartogdom Sassen, German: Herzogtum Sachsen) was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages...
Hedwige of Saxony (also Hedwig, German: Hadwig von Sachsen; c. 910 – after 958-959), a member of the Ottonian dynasty, was Duchess consort of the Franks...
Sophia Eleonore of Saxony (23 November 1609 – 2 June 1671) was a duchess of Saxony by birth and the landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1627 to 1661 through...
Mathilde of Saxony, Duchess of Saxony (19 March 1863 – 27 March 1933) was the third child and third-eldest daughter of George of Saxony and his wife...
Elisabeth of Saxony (4 February 1830 – 14 August 1912) was a Princess of Saxony who married the second son of the King of Sardinia. She was the mother...
The Province of Saxony (German: Provinz Sachsen), also known as Prussian Saxony (Preußisches Sachsen), was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and later...
thirteen states are called Flächenländer ("area states") and include Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia which describe themselves as Freistaaten ("free states")...
Commons has media related to Princess Margarete of Saxony. Princess Margaretha of Saxony, Duchess of Saxony (German: Prinzessin Margaretha Karoline Friederike...
Dräsdn; Upper Sorbian: Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous...
Alexandra, or Queen Christina of Sweden (1626-1689) Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (1735–1782), daughter of Augustus III of Poland and Maria Josepha of Austria...
of Saxony (1797–1854) Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1852–1931) Frederick Augustus III of Saxony (1865–1932), last king of Saxony Augustus...
Wulfhilde Billung of Saxony (1072 – 29 December 1126) was the eldest daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony and his wife, Sophia of Hungary. In about 1095...
who reigned as the last Elector of Saxony from 1763 to 1806 (as Frederick Augustus III) and as the first King of Saxony from 1806 to 1827. He was also Duke...
and Weimar. Thuringia is bordered by Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony. It has been known as "the green heart of Germany" (das grüne...
Old Saxony was the homeland of the Saxons during the Early Middle Ages. It corresponds roughly to the modern German states of Lower Saxony, eastern part...
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