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Discovery and development of bisphosphonates information


Chemical structure of bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonates are an important class of drugs originally commercialised in the mid to late 20th century. They are used for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders that cause bone fragility and diseases where bone resorption is excessive. Osteoporosis is common in post-menopausal women and patients in corticosteroid treatment where biphosphonates have been proven a valuable treatment and also used successfully against Paget's disease, myeloma, bone metastases and hypercalcemia. Bisphosphonates reduce breakdown of bones by inhibiting osteoclasts, they have a long history of use and today there are a few different types of bisphosphonate drugs on the market around the world.

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Discovery and development of bisphosphonates

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generation of bisphosphonates included etidronic acid and clodronic acid which were introduced in the 1970s and 1980s. They were the first bisphosphonate drugs...

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Alendronic acid

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intravenous bisphosphonates, with most cases being reported in cancer patients. Bone: alendronate has been linked in long-term users to the development of low-impact...

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Phossy jaw

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of the jaw (MRONJ), has been described as a side-effect of amino-bisphosphonates, a class of phosphorus-based drugs that inhibit bone resorption and are...

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Osteogenesis imperfecta

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supports the use of medications of the bisphosphonate class, such as pamidronate, to increase bone density. Bisphosphonates are especially effective in children...

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Pantoprazole

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The Development of a New Proton-Pump Inhibitor: The Case History of Pantoprazole". In Fischer J, Ganellin CR (eds.). Analogue-based drug discovery. Weinheim:...

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Complex regional pain syndrome

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As of 2013, high-quality evidence supports the use of bisphosphonates (either orally or via IV infusion) in the treatment of CRPS. Bisphosphonates inhibit...

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Denosumab

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removal and is active in the body for only six months. Similarly to bisphosphonates, denosumab appears to be implicated in increasing the risk of osteonecrosis...

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Potassium

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Transactions of the Royal Society. 98: 1–44. doi:10.1098/rstl.1808.0001. Shaposhnik VA (2007). "History of the discovery of potassium and sodium (on the...

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Bone metastasis

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reduction of bone pain or improvements in quality of life. Bone-targeted agents (BTAs) including bisphosphonates and denosumab, can interrupt osteoclast-mediated...

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Dental extraction

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effects of use of bisphosphonates which can cause osteochemonecrosis of the bone. The chance of further bleeding reduces as healing progresses, and is unlikely...

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Avascular necrosis

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infection, Gaucher's disease, and Caisson disease (dysbaric osteonecrosis). Bisphosphonates are associated with osteonecrosis of the mandible (jawbone). The...

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Human skeleton

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may vitamin D. When medication is used, it may include bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, and osteoporosis may be one factor considered when commencing...

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Cystic fibrosis

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fibrosis, the evidence about the effectiveness of antibiotics for S. maltophilia is uncertain. Bisphosphonates taken by mouth or intravenously can be used...

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Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

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effect of bisphosphonates on BMD did not provide significant evidence of improvement, and the scope of studies are inadequate to ensure safety and efficacy...

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Osteoclast

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of use, the cell became known by its present name. Giant osteoclasts can occur in some diseases, including Paget's disease of bone and bisphosphonate...

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Breast cancer

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denosumab and the bisphosphonates; infusion every three months reduces the chance of bone pain, fractures, and bone hypercalcemia. Up to 70% of those with ER-positive...

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Generalized arterial calcification of infancy

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survival rates. Use of bisphosphonates appears to significantly increase survival. Etidronate, a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is the most commonly...

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Atrial fibrillation

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anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen), bisphosphonates, and other chemotherapeutic agents such as melphalan, interleukin 2, and anthracyclines. Other medications...

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Calcium

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of calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates. Inadequate amounts of calcium, vitamin D, or phosphates can lead to softening of bones, called osteomalacia...

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Raloxifene

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prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and those on glucocorticoids. For osteoporosis it is less preferred than bisphosphonates. It is...

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Astatine

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Fry, C.; Thoennessen, M. (2013). "Discovery of the astatine, radon, francium, and radium isotopes". Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. 09 (5): 497–519...

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Cholesterol

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identified as a key mediator of the effects of statins and bisphosphonates on bone, muscle, and macrophages. On the basis of these findings, it has been...

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Herpes

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the first year of infection. Prodrome precedes development of lesions. Prodromal symptoms include tingling (paresthesia), itching, and pain where lumbosacral...

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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

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(TMDs): From Research Discoveries to Clinical Treatment; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Board on Health Care Services; Health and Medicine Division; National...

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