A dilemma action is a type of non-violent civil disobedience designed to create a "response dilemma" or "lose-lose" situation for public authorities "by forcing them to either concede some public space to protesters or make themselves look absurd or heavy-handed by acting against the protest."[1][2] The Serbian-based NGO Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies has extensively used the technique in its trainings to nonviolent civil resistors. Dilemma actions have been shown to increase non-violent campaign success rate by 11-16%[3]
Examples of dilemma actions include Ai Weiwei's gathering to eat pig's trotters, the Standing protests of the 2013 protests in Turkey,[1] the Gaza Freedom Flotilla[4] and Uganda's 2011 Walk to Work protests.[5]
^ abLaura Moth, Today's Zaman, 19 June 2013, A standing dilemma in Taksim [permanent dead link]
^John A. Gould and Edward Moe, "Beyond Rational Choice: Ideational Assault and the Strategic Use of Frames in Nonviolent Civil Resistance", in, Sharon Erickson Nepstad, Lester R. Kurtz (2012), Nonviolent Conflict and Civil Resistance, Emerald Group Publishing, p141
^McClennen, Sophia; Popovic, Srdja; Wright, Joseph (2023). "How to Sharpen a Nonviolent Movement". Journal of Democracy. 34 (1): 110–125. doi:10.1353/jod.2023.0007. ISSN 1086-3214.
^wri-irg.org, 5 March 2013, Freedom Flotilla to Gaza – a dilemma action evolves
^Al Jazeera, 28 April 2011, Uganda walk-to-work protests kick up dust
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