"Social dilemma" redirects here. For the film, see The Social Dilemma.
A collective action problem or social dilemma is a situation in which all individuals would be better off cooperating but fail to do so because of conflicting interests between individuals that discourage joint action.[1][2][3] The collective action problem has been addressed in political philosophy for centuries, but was most clearly established in 1965 in Mancur Olson's The Logic of Collective Action.
Problems arise when too many group members choose to pursue individual profit and immediate satisfaction rather than behave in the group's best long-term interests. Social dilemmas can take many forms and are studied across disciplines such as psychology, economics, and political science. Examples of phenomena that can be explained using social dilemmas include resource depletion and low voter turnout. The collective action problem can be understood through the analysis of game theory and the free-rider problem, which results from the provision of public goods. Additionally, the collective problem can be applied to numerous public policy concerns that countries across the world currently face.
^Brown, Garrett; McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair, eds. (2018-01-18). "Collective action problem". Collective action problem - Oxford Reference. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199670840.001.0001. ISBN 9780199670840. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
^Erhard Friedberg, "Conflict of Interest from the Perspective of the Sociology of Organized Action" in Conflict of Interest in Global, Public and Corporate Governance, Anne Peters & Lukas Handschin (eds), Cambridge University Press, 2012
^Allison, S. T.; Beggan, J. K.; Midgley, E. H. (1996). "The quest for "similar instances" and "simultaneous possibilities": Metaphors in social dilemma research". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 71 (3): 479–497. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.479.
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