Developmental differences in solitary facial expressions information
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Facial expressions are used to communicate emotions. They can also occur solitarily, without other people being present. People often imagine themselves in social situations when alone, resulting in solitary facial expressions.[1] Toddlers and children in early childhood use social cues and contexts to discriminate and recognize facial expressions. They develop at this early stage facial expressions in order to provoke reactions from their caregivers and receive nurturance and support.[2] Children reflect their peers' emotions in their own expressions for social interaction.[3]
Facial expression discrimination and expression develop at varying rates in children.[4] During middle childhood and adolescence, the abilities to discriminate and produce facial expressions are still on their way toward achieving full potential.[4] Considering that the ability to discriminate and produce facial expressions develop independently, there is a gap between a child's capacity to discriminate an emotion on another's face and their capacity to produce certain emotions, such as anger or fear.[4][5] Fear and anger are more difficult expressions to produce than happiness, a possible explanation being that children are socialized not to produce these, considered socially undesirable. Further research is required to fully explore this idea.
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