The Defiance Campaign against Unjust Laws was presented by the African National Congress (ANC) at a conference held in Bloemfontein, South Africa in December 1951.[1] The Campaign had roots in events leading up the conference. The demonstrations, taking place in 1952, were the first "large-scale, multi-racial political mobilization against apartheid laws under a common leadership."[2]
^Lodge, Tom (1983). Black Politics in South Africa since 1945. London and New York: Longman. p. 39. ISBN 0-582-64327-9.
^"The Defiance Campaign". South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid Building Democracy. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
The DefianceCampaign against Unjust Laws was presented by the African National Congress (ANC) at a conference held in Bloemfontein, South Africa in December...
of the Natal branch in 1951. A year later in 1952, Luthuli led the DefianceCampaign to protest the pass laws and other laws of apartheid. As a result...
the campaign, while Florence Matomela was the first woman.[citation needed] 2 007 people were arrested in Port Elizabeth during the DefianceCampaign included...
Look up defiance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikiquote has quotations related to Defiance. Defiance may refer to: Defiance (1952 film), a Swedish...
Transvaal branch, rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 DefianceCampaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was repeatedly arrested for...
the early 1950s, the African National Congress (ANC) initiated its DefianceCampaign of passive resistance. Subsequent civil disobedience protests targeted...
mass politics, and the swelling of its membership, culminated in the DefianceCampaign of civil disobedience in 1952–53. The ANC was banned by the South...
ANC's membership swelled during the uncharacteristically militant DefianceCampaign of civil disobedience, towards which the ANC had been led by a new...
against the government for the first time in the form of the Defiancecampaign. The defiancecampaign was a movement organized in part by the ANC because of...
organisations and the African National Congress. He was a leader of the DefianceCampaign and a defendant at the Treason Trial in 1956. His last days were spent...
introduction of formal apartheid in 1948, the NIC participated in the DefianceCampaign, the beginning of a long, though not untroubled, alliance with the...
independent. In the early 1950s, she joined the ANC and worked hard to help DefianceCampaign become a successful movement by distributing leaflets, making home...
Nelson Mandela, with whom he played a key role in organising the 1952 DefianceCampaign and the establishment of the ANC Youth League and Umkhonto we Sizwe...
Mandela's Youth League and the 1951 DefianceCampaign spread English among the masses as the language of the campaign against apartheid. The most widely...
multi-faceted resistance to white minority rule, and in the wake of the DefianceCampaign of 1952, the work to create the Freedom Charter was in part a response...
empowered the Ministry of Justice to impose banning orders. After the DefianceCampaign, the government used the act for the mass arrests and banning of leaders...
South Coast. Mkhize began fighting apartheid and took part in the DefianceCampaign in 1952. A photo of her burning her passbook was taken by Ranjith...
favour of the DefianceCampaign in 1952; he was, however, later reinstated. In 1952, Sobukwe achieved notoriety backing the DefianceCampaign. During this...
not an isolated event, but part of the DefianceCampaign which started in June 1952. The aim of the campaign was to peacefully defy the laws of the apartheid...
National Congress. Pursuant to these efforts, the SAIC co-organised the DefianceCampaign and Congress of the People, and it became a signatory to the Freedom...
disobeying apartheid laws by participating in the 'Campaign of Defiance against Injustice Laws' (DefianceCampaign). In 1954, a tornado destroyed his store, and...
Pass laws Internal resistance Coloured-vote constitutional crisis DefianceCampaign Congress of the People Freedom Charter Women's March 1956 1957 Alexandra...
sent a letter to South African newspapers warning the government that a campaign of sabotage would be launched unless the government agreed to call for...
ANC by launching its own campaign ten days earlier, on 21 March, because they believed that the ANC could not win the campaign. On 21 March 1960, a group...
Port Elizabeth due to their participation in the DefianceCampaign. Due to her involvement in the campaign, she spent six weeks in prison on a charge for...
Democratic Front and the Mass Democratic Movement, instigated the National DefianceCampaign, in which facilities reserved for whites were invaded, and organisation...