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Defective democracy is a concept that was proposed by the political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle and Aurel S. Croissant at the beginning of the 21st century to subtilize the distinctions between totalitarian, authoritarian, and democratic political systems.[1][2] It is based on the concept of embedded democracy. While there are four forms of defective democracy, how each nation reaches the point of defectiveness varies.[3] One recurring theme is the geographical location of the nation, which includes the effects of the influence of surrounding nations in the region. Other causes for defective democracies include their path of modernization, level of modernization, economic trends, social capital, civil society, political institutions, and education.
^Романюк, О. І. (2017-11-24). "What Are 'Defective Democracies' and What They Are Like". The Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University. Series: Philosophy, Philosophies of Law, Political Science, Sociology. 2 (33). Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University: 114–122. doi:10.21564/2075-7190.33.109732. ISSN 2663-5704.
^Croissant, Aurel; Merkel, Wolfgang (2019-02-13). "Defective Democracy". The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation. Oxford University Press. pp. 437–446. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0041. ISBN 978-0-19-882991-1.
^Merkel, Wolfgang (2004-01-01). "Embedded and defective democracies". Democratization. 11 (5). Informa UK Limited: 33–58. doi:10.1080/13510340412331304598. hdl:10419/251950. ISSN 1351-0347. S2CID 149654333.
and 24 Related for: Defective democracy information
Defectivedemocracy is a concept that was proposed by the political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle and Aurel S. Croissant at the beginning...
delegative democracy or illiberal democracy or guided democracy or semi-democracy or deficient democracy or defectivedemocracy or hybrid democracy. "Some...
very defectivedemocracy, defectivedemocracy, consolidating democracy. The Global State of Democracy Indices by International Institute for Democracy and...
notable types of defectivedemocracy: exclusive democracy, illiberal democracy, delegative democracy, and domain democracy. Illiberal democracy is one of the...
last 10 years". According to the Democracy Index of the Economist Intelligence Unit, India is a Defectivedemocracy. On 25 July 2022, Droupadi Murmu was...
delegative democracy or illiberal democracy or guided democracy or semi-democracy or deficient democracy or defectivedemocracy or hybrid democracy. "Some...
delegative democracy or illiberal democracy or guided democracy or semi-democracy or deficient democracy or defectivedemocracy or hybrid democracy. "Some...
populated states such as California. Defectivedemocracy Democratic legitimacy of the European Union Direct democracy Elite theory Freedom deficit How Democratic...
deliberative democracy, and a bicameral legislature. Delegative democracies are also described as defectivedemocracies: delegative democracies are democracies that...
regime, standing between democracy and authoritarianism, a diffusely defectivedemocracy, and a plebiscitary leader democracy. Lately, Freedom House has...
of them, and present in industrialised and developing nations. Social democracy originated within the socialist movement, supporting economic and social...
exceptionalism, superiority, has been criticized with charges of moral defectiveness and the existence of double standards. In American Exceptionalism and...
who said that the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 is "defective and flawed," adding: "It allows everything. It resembles medieval calls...
of a U.S. entity run by Falun Gong practitioners. Chen first filed a defective whistleblower complaint with the IRS. The two then paid $5,000 in cash...
Political Culture of the Earlier Early Republic and the Origins of American Democracy". Jeffrey L. Pasley University of Missouri-Columbia. Retrieved April 23...
was the president of FSF, have played major role in the formation of Defective by Design, an anti-DRM campaign advocating for elimination of digital...
the rather cynical attitude, Zinoviev and Kamenev did believe that a defective form of socialism could be constructed. At the 14th Conference, Stalin...
United States Government report, published in September 2011, pointed to defective cement on the well, faulting mostly BP, but also rig operator Transocean...
regular triptotes other than in the singular indefinite state. In the defective-in--in declension, accusative -iyan occurs in singular nouns, while -iya...
Despite this cynical attitude, Zinoviev and Kamenev believed that a defective form of socialism could be constructed. At the 14th Conference, Stalin...
caused his death. Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper, but Fielder thought that Cash started a...
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