Diagram of a de Laval nozzle, showing approximate flow velocity (v), together with the effect on temperature (T) and pressure (p)
A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube which is pinched in the middle, making a carefully balanced, asymmetric hourglass shape. It is used to accelerate a compressible fluid to supersonic speeds in the axial (thrust) direction, by converting the thermal energy of the flow into kinetic energy. De Laval nozzles are widely used in some types of steam turbines and rocket engine nozzles. It also sees use in supersonic jet engines.
Similar flow properties have been applied to jet streams within astrophysics.[1]
^C.J. Clarke and B. Carswell (2007). Principles of Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 226. ISBN 978-0-521-85331-6.
rather than its pressure. The nozzle, now known as a deLavalnozzle, is used in modern rocket engine nozzles. DeLaval turbines can run at up to 30,000...
Simple bell-shaped nozzles were developed in the 1500s. The deLavalnozzle was originally developed in the 19th century by Gustaf deLaval for use in steam...
The magnetic field in a magnetic nozzle plays a similar role to the convergent-divergent solid walls in a deLavalnozzle, wherein a hot neutral gas is expanded...
mixture of gases through a deLavalnozzle from a high-pressure reservoir into a vacuum chamber. As it expands, the nozzle collimates the gas into a uniform...
an acceleration to supersonic flow is required, a convergent-divergent nozzle is required. Otherwise: Subsonic (M < 1) then d A d x < 0 ⇒ {\displaystyle...
and then expand. This type of nozzle – the converging-diverging nozzle – is called a deLavalnozzle after Gustaf deLaval, who invented it. As subsonic...
commonly used nozzle is the deLavalnozzle, a fixed geometry nozzle with a high expansion-ratio. The large bell- or cone-shaped nozzle extension beyond...
cross section in a deLavalnozzle or through an orifice plate. The choked velocity is observed upstream of an orifice or nozzle. The upstream volumetric...
chamber volume divided by the throat area. Because the throat of a deLavalnozzle is smaller than the cross section of the combustion chamber, the characteristic...
the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic deLavalnozzle. This sort of engine is called a rocket engine. All current spacecraft...
Isentropic nozzle flow describes the movement of a gas or fluid through a narrowing opening without an increase or decrease in entropy. Whenever a gas...
enough at higher thrust settings to cause the nozzle to choke. If, however, a convergent-divergent deLavalnozzle is fitted, the divergent (increasing flow...
Maurice Lemaître. The Lempor ejector follows the principles of the deLavalnozzle. In a steam locomotive, draft is produced in the firebox by exhausting...
could be greatly increased to beyond the speed of sound by using a DeLavalnozzle. He patented these concepts in 1914. He also independently developed...
velocity will remain constant). This is the principle of operation of a deLavalnozzle. Increasing source temperature will also increase the local sonic velocity...
Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes'; where his application of the deLavalnozzle to liquid-propellant rockets gave sufficient power that interplanetary...
Company Gustaf deLaval (1845–1913) – developer of the DeLavalnozzle, contributions in steam and dairy engineering, founder of Alfa Laval Gottfried Wilhelm...
For these reasons, nozzle extensions are used for rocket engines RL-10 and RD-58. Rocket engine nozzleDeLavalnozzle Stepped nozzle F-1 NK-33 (in Russian)...
1926 when Goddard attached a supersonic (deLaval) nozzle to a high pressure combustion chamber. These nozzles turn the hot gas from the combustion chamber...
well-received. Overnight, someone steals his machined rocket part model – the deLavalnozzle – and his autographed picture of Dr. Wernher von Braun. Homer makes...
water goes through the nozzle (usually a deLavalnozzle) and the pressure reduces, the water flashes to steam pressing on the nozzle, and leaving at high...
and burned fuel, but they then reject it at very high speed. When a deLavalnozzle is used to accelerate a hot engine exhaust, the outlet velocity may...
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