Nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into propulsive force
A propelling nozzle is a nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into propulsive force; it is the nozzle, which forms a jet, that separates a gas turbine, or gas generator, from a jet engine.
Propelling nozzles accelerate the available gas to subsonic, transonic, or supersonic velocities depending on the power setting of the engine, their internal shape and the pressures at entry to, and exit from, the nozzle. The internal shape may be convergent or convergent-divergent (C-D). C-D nozzles can accelerate the jet to supersonic velocities within the divergent section, whereas a convergent nozzle cannot accelerate the jet beyond sonic speed.[1]
Propelling nozzles may have a fixed geometry, or they may have variable geometry to give different exit areas to control the operation of the engine when equipped with an afterburner or a reheat system. When afterburning engines are equipped with a C-D nozzle the throat area is variable. Nozzles for supersonic flight speeds, at which high nozzle pressure ratios are generated,[2] also have variable area divergent sections.[3] Turbofan engines may have an additional and separate propelling nozzle which further accelerates the bypass air.
Propelling nozzles also act as downstream restrictors, the consequences of which constitute an important aspect of engine design.[4]
^"Jet Propulsion for Aerospace Applications" second edition, Hesse and Mumford, Pitman Publishing Corporation p136
^"Nozzle Selection and Design Criteria"AIAA 2004-3923, Fig11
^"Nozzle Selection and Design Criteria"AIAA 2004-3923
^"Jet Propulsion" Nicholas Cumpsty, ISBN 0 521 59674 2, p144
A propellingnozzle is a nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into propulsive force; it is the nozzle, which forms a jet, that separates...
by a turbine, with the leftover power providing thrust through the propellingnozzle—this process is known as the Brayton thermodynamic cycle. Jet aircraft...
pressure than the outside air and escapes from the engine through a propellingnozzle, which increases the speed of the gas. Exhaust speed needs to be faster...
is typically used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine with a propellingnozzle. The gas turbine has an air inlet which includes inlet guide vanes...
A rocket engine nozzle is a propellingnozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate combustion products to high...
the exhaust duct which in turn cause a higher gas speed from the propellingnozzle (and higher KE and wasted fuel). Although the engine would use less...
engines, a propellingnozzle is present. This takes the high temperature, high pressure exhaust and expands and cools it. The exhaust leaves the nozzle going...
intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propellingnozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. Fuel is...
Aerospike engine Components of jet engines Index of aviation articles Propellingnozzle Ramjet Gas Turbine Design, Components and System Design Integration...
wide range of altitudes. It belongs to the class of altitude compensating nozzle engines. Aerospike engines were proposed for many single-stage-to-orbit...
characteristics. Exhaust or nozzle — Turbine exhaust gases pass through the propellingnozzle to produce a high velocity jet. The nozzle is usually convergent...
compressed, heated, and expanded back to atmospheric pressure through a propellingnozzle. Compression may be provided by a gas turbine, as in the original...
intake lip, resulting in a substantial drop in airflow and thrust. The propellingnozzle is a critical part of a ramjet design, since it accelerates exhaust...
turbojet's low-loss propellingnozzle. The turbofan has additional losses from its extra turbines, fan, bypass duct and extra propellingnozzle compared to the...
turbine, and a propellingnozzle, which provide power from a shaft through a reduction gearing to the propeller. The propellingnozzle provides a relatively...
discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack, or propellingnozzle. It often disperses downwind in a pattern called an exhaust plume...
their design consists only of a fuel tank, a regulating valve, a propellingnozzle, and the little required plumbing. They are the cheapest, simplest...
reverse the hot gas stream. For forward thrust, these doors form the propellingnozzle of the engine. In the original implementation of this system on the...
the engine exerts force ("thrust") on the combustion chamber and nozzle, propelling the vehicle (according to Newton's Third Law). This actually happens...
exhausting to atmospheric pressure through a common (mixed flow) propellingnozzle. The mixer reduces the velocity of the core exiting air, and consequently...
reheat operation. Plug nozzle model tests have shown reduced noise levels compared to traditional con-di nozzles. Propellingnozzles for subsonic aircraft...
engine, measured as the ratio of the total pressure at the exit of the propellingnozzle divided by the total pressure at the entry to the compressor. Jet...
as the forces exerted by pressurized gases from a gun barrel or a propellingnozzle, normal force by rifling, and gravity and air drag during flight....
consists of the compressor, combustion chambers with ignitors and fuel nozzles, and one or more stages of turbine. The power section consists of additional...
first hypersonic detonation wave engine powered by kerosene, which could propel a plane at Mach 9. Index of aviation articles Air-augmented rocket Aerospike...
supersonic exhaust from a propellingnozzle is slightly over-expanded, meaning that the static pressure of the gases exiting the nozzle is less than the ambient...
from the compressor before exhausting through a convergent-divergent propellingnozzle. Once a jet engine goes high enough in an atmosphere, there is insufficient...