The dating of the Tirukkural, and by extension the period of its author Valluvar, has been a subject of intense debate among scholars for centuries, and it continues to remain so. The Kural is variously dated between 300 BCE and 5th century CE. According to Blackburn, the "current scholarly consensus" dates the text and the author to approximately 500 CE.[1] The Tamil Nadu government has ratified 31 BCE as the year of birth of Valluvar.[2] Still the precise date as to when Valluvar completed writing the Kural text remains murky. This article speaks about various dates arrived at by various scholars over time.
^Blackburn 2000, p. 454 with footnote 7.
^Iraikkuruvanar, 2009, p. 72.
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Thedating of theTirukkural, and by extension the period of its author Valluvar, has been a subject of intense debate among scholars for centuries, and...
original text related to this article: TirukkuralTheTirukkuṟaḷ (Tamil: திருக்குறள், lit. 'sacred verses'), or shortly the Kural (Tamil: குறள்), is a classic...
He is best known as the author of theTirukkuṟaḷ, a collection of couplets on ethics, political and economic matters, and love. The text is considered...
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Tirukkural remains one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world. As of 2014, there were at least 57 versions available in the English...
are at least two translations of theTirukkural available in the Polish language. The first Polish translation of the Kural text was made in prose in 1958...
available of theTirukkural. In 1964, Ramily Bin Thakir translated the Kural text in verse. In 1967, Hussein Ismail translated the work under the title Thirukural...
Urdu has at least two translations available of theTirukkural. The first Urdu translation of the Kural text was by Hazrat Suhrawardy, a professor of...
of the Indian languages that has had the earliest Tirukkural translations in modern times. As of 2000, there were at least 14 translations of the Kural...
seen the most number of Tirukkural translations than that of any other language in India. As of 2007, there are at least 21 translations of the Kural...
TheTirukkural (Tamil: திருக்குறள்), shortly known as the Kural, is a classic Tamil sangam treatise on the art of living. Consisting of 133 chapters with...
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Sinhalese at least twice. The first Sinhalese translation of theTirukkural was made by Govokgada Misihamy...
As of 2015, Tirukkural has been translated into Dutch only once. Selections of Tirukkural couplets were translated into the Dutch language by D. Kat in...
Tirukkural has been translated into Rajasthani only once. In 1982, the Kural text was translated into Rajasthani by Kamala Gurg. Titled Tirukkural Needhi...
translation of theTirukkural available in Swedish. The translation by Yngve Frykholm in 1971 is the only translation of theTirukkural into Swedish. It...
those of theTirukkural and Thiruvasagam. He later took to teaching, running his own school in Ootacamund for while and then moving to head the Bishop Cotton...
translations of theTirukkural available in Russian. The joint effort of J. J. Glazov and A. Krishnamurthi resulted in the first Russian translation of the Kural...
pottery dating back to first century BCE with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are a number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to...
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translations of theTirukkural available as of 2014. Both prose and verse translations have been made in Kannada. The first Kannada translation of the Kural text...
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available of theTirukkural. There are at least two translations known of the Kural text in the Fijian language. The first Fijian translation of the Kural was...
three translation available of theTirukkural, of which two are complete. The Kural text was translated into Marathi by the Marathi author Pandurang Sadashiv...
As of 2015, there were at least four translations of theTirukkural available in Bengali. The first Bengali translation was made in prose by Nalini Mohan...
poetry follow the venpa metre. One of the most notable examples of Tamil couplet poetry is the ancient Tamil moral text of theTirukkural, which contains...
least two translations of theTirukkural available as of 2017. When Shuzo Matsunaga made the first Japanese translation of the Kural text in 1981, he also...
were at least six translations of theTirukkural in Odia, all published after the 1970s. The first translation of the Kural text in Odia appeared in 1978...
of 2015, there were at least five Sanskrit translations available of theTirukkural 724 into sanskrit Despite its thin popularity as a spoken and colloquial...
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