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Dalecarlian
dalmål
Native to
Sweden
Region
Dalarna County
Ethnicity
Dalecarlians (Swedes)
Language family
Indo-European
Germanic
North Germanic
West Scandinavian[1]
Dalecarlian
Early form
Old Norse
Dialects
Elfdalian
Moramål[2]
Orsamål[3]
Writing system
Latin (Dalecarlian alphabet) Dalecarlian runes
Language codes
ISO 639-3
None (mis) Individual code: ovd – Elfdalian
Glottolog
dale1238
ELP
Dalecarlian
Dalecarlian is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
Dalecarlian (Swedish: dalmål) is a group of North Germanic languages and dialects spoken in Dalarna County, Sweden. Some Dalecarlian varieties can be regarded as part of the Swedish dialect group in Gästrikland, Uppland, and northern and eastern Västmanland. Others represent a variety characteristic of a midpoint between West and East Scandinavian languages, significantly divergent from Standard Swedish. In the northernmost part of the county (i.e., the originally Norwegian parishes of Särna and Idre), a characteristic dialect reminiscent of eastern Norwegian is spoken. One usually distinguishes between the Dalecarlian Bergslagen dialects, which are spoken in south-eastern Dalarna, and Dalecarlian proper.[4] The dialects are traditionally regarded as part of the Svealand dialect group.
Some Dalecarlian dialects are characterized by features that place them somewhere between East and West Scandinavian languages, the former including Standard Swedish. Linguistics Professor Guus Kroonen cites a number of features that Elfdalian, one of the most prominent languages within the Dalecarlian group, shares with those languages traditionally regarded as West Scandinavian. He writes: "In many aspects, Elfdalian takes up a middle position between East and West Nordic. However, it shares some innovations with West Nordic, but none with East Nordic. This invalidates the claim that Elfdalian split off from Old Swedish."[1] Indeed, the official position of the Swedish Government is that all Swedish dialects have developed "freely and independently" from a Nordic proto-language, and that their "swedishness" is derived from the fact that they are spoken in regions where Swedish is an official language today, regardless of linguistic characteristics.[5]
In everyday speech, many also refer to Dalarna regional variants of Standard Swedish as part of the Dalecarlian dialect. Linguistically speaking, however, they are more accurately described as a lexically and morphologically "national" Swedish with characteristic Dalarna intonation and prosody. In linguistics, one distinguishes between regionally different national languages and genuine dialects, and Dalecarlian as a term is used exclusively for dialects in the latter sense.
^ abKroonen, Guus. "On the origins of the Elfdalian nasal vowels from the perspective of diachronic dialectology and Germanic etymology" (PDF). Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics. University of Copenhagen. Retrieved 27 January 2016. In many aspects, Elfdalian, takes up a middle position between East and West Nordic. However, it shares some innovations with West Nordic, but none with East Nordic. This invalidates the claim that Elfdalian split off from Old Swedish.
Dalecarlian (Swedish: dalmål) is a group of North Germanic languages and dialects spoken in Dalarna County, Sweden. Some Dalecarlian varieties can be regarded...
A Dalecarlian horse (/ˌdɑːləˈkɑːrliən/ DAH-lə-KAR-lee-ən) or Dala horse (Swedish: Dalahäst) is a traditional carved, painted wooden statue of a horse...
approximately when the North Germanic languages split into Western and Eastern branches. Elfdalian (and other Dalecarlianlanguage varieties) is traditionally placed...
The Dalecarlian runes, or dalrunes, was a late version of the runic script that was in use in the Swedish province of Dalarna until the 20th century....
languages include some 58 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is part of the Indo-European language...
the five national minority languages — Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sámi languages and Yiddish — and Swedish Sign Language. For most of its history, Sweden...
the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation...
Gutnish, Dalecarlian dialects (among them Elfdalian) and any other minor languages. Estimates of native speakers of the Germanic languages vary from...
The Dalecarlian alphabet consists of 32 letters, 25 derived from the Swedish alphabet, and seven additional letters: vowels with an ogonek diacritic,...
The Dalecarlian rebellions (Swedish: Dalupproren) were a series of Swedish rebellions which took place in Dalarna in Sweden: the First Dalecarlian Rebellion...
form of the medieval runes (in use ca. 1100–1500) and the Latinised Dalecarlian runes (ca. 1500–1910). Usage of the Younger Futhark is found in Scandinavia...
control that the academies exert over these languages does not render the latter controlled natural languages in the sense that the various kinds of "simple...
(lukewarm), from hlýʀ. The Dalecarlian dialects developed independently from Old Swedish and as such can be considered separate languages from Swedish. This is...
district Lima, some people in villages speak a traditional dialect, Dalecarlian, while in Älvdalen, they speak Elfdalian, a dialect which is very distinct...
Futhark developed further into the medieval runes (1100–1500), and the Dalecarlian runes (c. 1500–1800). The exact development of the early runic alphabet...
third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010; formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of that...
Scandinavian): Archaic Gutnish Dalecarlian Archaic Finnish Swedish, Estonian Swedish, Swedish Archaic Norrlandic, Jamtska Dalecarlian is intermediate in some...
Official language in: the Republic of India and the United Arab Emirates Dakota – Dakȟótiyapi Spoken in: Canada and the United States Dalecarlian – Dalmål...
Old Gutnish or Old Gotlandic was a North Germanic language spoken on the Baltic island of Gotland. It shows sufficient differences from the Old West Norse...
typically a non-Swede, with a great interest in the culture and language of Sweden. In the language debate in Finland in the 19th and 20th centuries, the Svecoman...
Languages used on the Internet List of fictional languages List of programming languages Lists of languages Sign language and List of sign languages Summary...
within the frameworks of North Germanic languages or Sami languages, and all have ethnic minorities. The Dalecarlian horse is a popular Swedish symbol. It...
Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages: Volume 1. ISBN 3110148765 Barnes, Michael (2005). "Language" in...
König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan (eds.). The Germanic Languages. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. Routledge. pp. 39–71. ISBN 978-0-415-28079-2...
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