A metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene forms an intercalated DNA adduct, at center
In molecular genetics, a DNA adduct is a segment of DNA bound to a cancer-causing chemical. This process could lead to the development of cancerous cells, or carcinogenesis. DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as biomarkers of exposure. They are especially useful in quantifying an organism's exposure to a carcinogen.[1] The presence of such an adduct indicates prior exposure to a potential carcinogen, but it does not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer in the subject animal.
DNA adducts are researched in laboratory settings. A typical experimental design for studying DNA adducts is to induce them with known carcinogens. A scientific journal will often incorporate the name of the carcinogen with their experimental design. For example, the term "DMBA-DNA adduct" in a scientific journal refers to a piece of DNA that has DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene) attached to it. [2]
^Poirier MC (June 1997). "DNA adducts as exposure biomarkers and indicators of cancer risk". Environmental Health Perspectives. 105 (Suppl 4): 907–912. doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4907. PMC 1470061. PMID 9255579.
^Maltzman TH, Christou M, Gould MN, Jefcoate CR (November 1991). "Effects of monoterpenoids on in vivo DMBA-DNA adduct formation and on phase I hepatic metabolizing enzymes". Carcinogenesis. 12 (11): 2081–2087. doi:10.1093/carcin/12.11.2081. PMID 1934293.
In molecular genetics, a DNAadduct is a segment of DNA bound to a cancer-causing chemical. This process could lead to the development of cancerous cells...
in oxidative stress, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation thereby triggering apoptosis. Anthracyclines can also form adducts with DNA by a single covalent...
opposite strands of double-stranded DNA (interstrand). These adducts interfere with cellular metabolism, such as DNA replication and transcription, triggering...
studied oxidative DNAadduct is 8-oxo-dG. Other adducts known to form are etheno-, propano-, and malondialdehyde-derived DNAadducts. The aldehydes formed...
epoxide and aflatoxin form DNAadducts that induce errors in replication. Nevertheless, due to their ability to inhibit DNA transcription and replication...
addition (adduct), or structural disruption to a base of DNA (creating an abnormal nucleotide or nucleotide fragment), or a break in one or both DNA strands...
with DNA in vitro. The major DNAadduct formed in this reaction is identified as the 8-(phenylazo)guanine adduct, which was also found in liver DNA of rats...
reactive oxygen species (which can damage DNA). The level of oxidative stress and acetaldehyde-induced DNAadducts due to alcohol consumption does not appear...
specific type of DNAadduct called M1dG. The M1dG adduct in turn is formed by a condensation reaction between guanosine nucleotides in DNA and either malondialdehyde...
depyrimidination. "bulky adduct formation" (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-dG adduct, aristolactam I-dA adduct) mismatch of bases, due to errors in DNA replication...
mechanism that removes DNA damage induced by ultraviolet light (UV). UV DNA damage results in bulky DNAadducts — these adducts are mostly thymine dimers...
DNA can undergo non-enzymatic glycation by glyoxal to form glyoxal-guanine adducts. These adducts may then produce DNA crosslinks. Glycation of DNA may...
the US. Psoralen intercalates into the DNA double helix where it is ideally positioned to form one or more adducts with adjacent pyrimidine bases, preferentially...
these ROS. These ROS may result in the production of many base adducts, as well as DNA strand breaks and crosslinks. Deaminating agents, for example nitrous...
N2-deoxyguanine adducts at a faster rate than transversing undamaged DNA. Cells lacking the dinB gene have a higher rate of mutagenesis caused by DNA damaging...
(2002-04-01). "The XPD variant alleles are associated with increased aromatic DNAadduct level and lung cancer risk". Carcinogenesis. 23 (4): 599–603. doi:10.1093/carcin/23...
Rats fed malachite green experience "a dose-related increase in liver DNAadducts" along with lung adenomas. Leucomalachite green causes an "increase in...
forms reactive oxygen species in the liver as well as acting as a DNAadduct (binding to DNA) leading to direct hepatocyte damage. This manifests as lipid...
can bind to DNA at specific sites, forming bulky complexes called DNAadducts that can be stable or unstable. Stable adducts may lead to DNA replication...
or deletions. Agents that form DNAadducts (e.g., ochratoxin A) DNA intercalating agents (e.g., ethidium bromide) DNA crosslinkers Oxidative damage Nitrous...
(2014). "Tracing the fates of site-specifically introduced DNAadducts in the human genome". DNA Repair (Amst.). 15: 11–20. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.01...
Weston A (2009). "Chlorophyllin significantly reduces benzo[a]pyrene-DNAadduct formation and alters cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 expression and EROD activity...
PB, Nakamura J, Starr TB (March 2011). "Endogenous versus exogenous DNAadducts: their role in carcinogenesis, epidemiology, and risk assessment". Toxicol...
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