Noah damning Ham, a 19th-century painting by Ivan Stepanovitch Ksenofontov
In the Book of Genesis, the curse of Ham is described as a curse which was imposed upon Ham's son Canaan by the patriarch Noah. It occurs in the context of Noah's drunkenness and it is provoked by a shameful act that was perpetrated by Noah's son Ham, who "saw the nakedness of his father".[1][2] The exact nature of Ham's transgression and the reason Noah cursed Canaan when Ham had sinned have been debated for over 2,000 years.[3]
The story's original purpose may have been to justify the biblical subjection of the Canaanites to the Israelites,[4] or a land claim to a portion of New Kingdom of Egypt which ruled Canaan in the late Bronze Age.[5][6]
In later centuries, the narrative was interpreted by some Jews, Christians and Muslims as an explanation for black skin, as well as a justification for enslavement of black people.[7][8]
Nevertheless, most Christians, Muslims and Jews now disagree with such interpretations, because in the biblical text, Ham himself is not cursed, and neither race nor skin color are ever mentioned.[9][disputed – discuss]
^Sarna 1981, p. 76.
^Genesis 9:22
^Goldenberg 2003, p. 157.
^Alter 2008, pp. 52–53.
^Mathee, Mohamed Shahid (1 Dec 2016). "Curse motives in the "Curse of Ham" narrative : land for Yahweh's landless people?". Journal for Semitics. 25 (2): 726–747. doi:10.25159/1013-8471/2554. ISSN 2663-6573.
^Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-21465-8.
^Goldenberg 2003, p. 170.
^Gomez 2018, p. 47–50.
^Whitford 2009, p. 35; Ham, Sarfati & Wieland 2001.
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