Medieval Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta
This article is about a historical term for various groups of Muslims. For other uses, see Moor.
The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.[1] Moors are not a single, distinct or self-defined people.[2] The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica observed that the term had "no real ethnological value."[3] Europeans of the Middle Ages and the early modern period variously applied the name to Arabs, Berbers, and Muslim Europeans.[4]
The term has also been used in Europe in a broader sense to refer to Muslims in general,[5] especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in al-Andalus or North Africa.[6] During the colonial era, the Portuguese introduced the names "Ceylon Moors" and "Indian Moors" in South Asia and Sri Lanka, and the Bengali Muslims were also called Moors.[7] In the Philippines, the longstanding Muslim community, which predates the arrival of the Spanish, now self-identifies as the "Moro people", an exonym introduced by Spanish colonizers due to their Muslim faith.
In 711, troops mostly formed by Moors from northern Africa led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The Iberian Peninsula then came to be known in Classical Arabic as al-Andalus, which at its peak included most of Septimania and modern-day Spain and Portugal. In 827, the Moors occupied Mazara on Sicily, developing it as a port.[8] They eventually went on to consolidate the rest of the island. Differences in religion and culture led to a centuries-long conflict with the Christian kingdoms of Europe, which tried to reclaim control of Muslim areas; this conflict was referred to as the Reconquista. In 1224, the Muslims were expelled from Sicily to the settlement of Lucera, which was destroyed by European Christians in 1300. The fall of Granada in 1492 marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain, although a Muslim minority persisted until their expulsion in 1609.[9]
^Corfis, Ivy (January 2010), "The Moors?", The Moors: Al-Andalus, Sepharad and Medieval Iberia, BRILL, pp. 151–162, ISBN 9789047441540 – via Brill.com
^Ross Brann, "The Moors?", Andalusia, New York University. Quote: "Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later Mudéjar and Morisco sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture."
^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Moors" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 812.
^Blackmore, Josiah (2009). Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa. U of Minnesota Press. p. xvi, 18. ISBN 978-0-8166-4832-0.
^Menocal, María Rosa (2002). Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain. Little, Brown, & Co. ISBN 0-316-16871-8, p. 241
^John Randall Baker (1974). Race. Oxford University Press. p. 226. ISBN 9780192129543. Retrieved March 12, 2014. In one sense the word 'Moor' means Mohammedan Berbers and Arabs of North-western Africa, with some Syrians, who conquered most of Spain in the 8th century and dominated the country for hundreds of years.
^Pieris, P.E. Ceylon and the Hollanders 1658–1796. American Ceylon Mission Press, Tellippalai Ceylon 1918
^"Assessment of the status, development and diversification of fisheries-dependent communities: Mazara del Vallo Case study report" (PDF). European Commission. 2010. p. 2. Retrieved 28 September 2012. In the year 827, Mazara was occupied by the Arabs, who made the city an important commercial harbour. That period was probably the most prosperous in the history of Mazara.
^Hillgarth, J. N. (2000). The Mirror of Spain, 1500–1700: The Formation of a Myth. University of Michigan Press. p. 67. ISBN 0-472-11092-6.
introduced the names "Ceylon Moors" and "Indian Moors" in South Asia and Sri Lanka, and the Bengali Muslims were also called Moors. In the Philippines, the...
The Moors murders were carried out by Ian Brady and Myra Hindley between July 1963 and October 1965, in and around Manchester, England. The victims were...
vegetation and acidic soils. Moors, Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, and Malta during the Middle Ages Moors, a variant name for Melungeon...
Sri Lankan Muslim community is mostly divided between Sri Lankan Moors, Indian Moors, Sri Lankan Malays and Sri Lankan Bohras. These groups are differentiated...
York Moors area. The Esk Valley Line is an east-west branch line rail link from Whitby to Middlesbrough in the north, and the North Yorkshire Moors steam...
Olympics. She is the older sister of 2020 Olympic gymnast Brooklyn Moors. In December, Moors competed at Elite Canada in Gatineau, Quebec. She won the all-around...
at the 2011 Census. The parish council was renamed West Moors Town Council in 2020. West Moors rose to local prominence with the building of the Southampton...
India. Indian Moors shared a similar history to Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka, however due to their decline and smaller numbers the Indian Moors have either...
anchor buoys, and mooring buoys. A ship is secured to a mooring to forestall free movement of the ship on the water. An anchor mooring fixes a vessel's...
covering of peat. On western moors, the peat layer may be several metres thick. Scottish "muirs" are generally heather moors, but also have extensive covering...
former pastureland were made into deer forests or grouse moors. Management techniques for grouse moors include heather burning (known as "muirburn" in Scotland)...
Bolton le Moors (also known as Bolton le Moors St Peter) was a large civil parish and ecclesiastical parish in hundred of Salford in the historic county...
Sa pandhela de sa Sarđhinna), called the flag of the Four Moors or simply the Four Moors (Italian: I quattro mori; Sardinian: Sos bator moros and Is...
Brooklyn Chloe Moors was born on February 23, 2001, in Cambridge, Ontario. She is the younger sister of 2012 Olympic gymnast Victoria Moors, who inspired...
top UK winter walks: Eastern Moors, Derbyshire". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 October 2014. Morning on the Derbyshire Moors - a 1920 painting by Stanley...
The North Yorkshire Moors Railway (NYMR) is a heritage railway in North Yorkshire, England, that runs through the North York Moors National Park. First...
Moores the Suit People, Corp. (operating as Moores Clothing for Men) is a Canadian company specializing in business clothing and formalwear for men. It...
Othello (/ɒˈθɛloʊ/; full title: The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice) is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare, around 1603. The story revolves...
Moors Ruled In Europe is a documentary film presented by the English historian Bettany Hughes. It is a two-part series on the contribution the Moors made...
Alles is Muziek. Irene Moors & De Smurfen at the Dutch Top 40 Moors, Irene at IMDb Wikimedia Commons has media related to Irene Moors. v t e v t e v t e...
The Castle of the Moors (Portuguese: Castelo dos Mouros) is a hilltop medieval castle located in the central Portuguese civil parish of Santa Maria e...
The Denbigh Moors (Welsh: Mynydd Hiraethog) are an upland region in Conwy and Denbighshire in the north of Wales, between Snowdonia and the Clwydian Range...
a varied geography. It contains Dartmoor and part of Exmoor, two upland moors which are the source of most of the county's rivers, including the Taw,...
"Breeding Bird Survey of the Peak District Moorlands:Moors for the Future Research Note No 1" (PDF). Moors for the Future. May 2005. Archived from the original...
changed their name to the "United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors." By 2000, the United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors had some 500 adherents. They drew thousands of visitors...
other for the conquest of a castle. The most well-known Moors and Christians festival are the Moors and Christians of Alcoy that takes place in Alcoi (Valencian...