Overview of the cryosphere and its larger components[1]
The cryosphere (from the Greek κρύοςkryos, "cold", "frost" or "ice" and σφαῖραsphaira, "globe, ball"[2]) is an all-encompassing term for the portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). Thus, there is a wide overlap with the hydrosphere. The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system. It also has important feedbacks on the climate system. These feedbacks come from the cryosphere's influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes, clouds, the water cycle, atmospheric and oceanic circulation.
Through these feedback processes, the cryosphere plays a significant role in the global climate and in climate model response to global changes. Approximately 10% of the Earth's surface is covered by ice, but this is rapidly decreasing.[3] Current reductions in the cryosphere (caused by climate change) are visible in ice sheet melt, glaciers decline, sea ice decline, permafrost thaw and snow cover decrease.
^"Cryosphere - Maps and Graphics at UNEP/GRID-Arendal". 2007-08-26. Archived from the original on 2007-08-26. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
^σφαῖρα Archived 2017-05-10 at the Wayback Machine, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^"Global Ice Viewer – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet". climate.nasa.gov. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
The cryosphere (from the Greek κρύος kryos, "cold", "frost" or "ice" and σφαῖρα sphaira, "globe, ball") is an all-encompassing term for the portions of...
The Cryosphere is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on all aspects of frozen water and ground (especially glaciers) on Earth and on other planetary...
taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. The different collectives of the geosphere are able...
scales, including variability of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere; past, present, and projected future changes in the climate system; and...
reducing local ocean acidification. The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate recommends "further research attention" as a mitigation...
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) is a report about the effects of climate...
synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the planet Earth: Earth – third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the...
be 19–22 metres (62–72 ft) if warming peaks at 5 °C (9.0 °F).: 21 The cryosphere, the area of the Earth covered by snow or ice, is extremely sensitive...
the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions...
Climate variability includes all the variations in the climate that last longer than individual weather events, whereas the term climate change only refers...
ISBN 978-1-118-34909-0. OCLC 781078031. "Summary for Policymakers". The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (PDF). 2019. pp. 3–36. doi:10.1017/9781009157964...
interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and...
case study around Indian Antarctic research stations". Land Surface and Cryosphere Remote Sensing III. 9877. International Society for Optics and Photonics:...
is called glaciology. Glaciers are important components of the global cryosphere. Glaciers are categorized by their morphology, thermal characteristics...
components of the climate system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere and the interactions between them. The climate...
the Real North Pole, National Geographic News "Sea Ice". State of the Cryosphere. NSIDC. Retrieved 6 March 2012. "Arctic ice thickness drops by up to 19...
The phases of ice are all possible states of matter for water as a solid. Currently, 19 phases, including both crystalline and amorphous ice, have been...
turn feeds a complex of living creatures from penguins to blue whales. Cryosphere Polar climate Matthew Teller (20 June 2014). "Why do so many nations want...
divisions goal is to conduct leading research to understand ocean and cryosphere changes and variability; their interactions with weather, climate, sea...
Climate Change and Land (SRCCL), and the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) came out. The IPCC also updated its methodologies...
relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The biosphere is postulated to have evolved...
Guoqing; Zhang, Yinsheng (5 January 2019). "Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region". The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment...
"A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded". The Cryosphere. 7 (2): 419–431. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..419C. doi:10.5194/tc-7-419-2013...
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