Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth.[1] This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.
There are reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. It is also the study of Earth and its neighbors in space. Some Earth scientists use their knowledge of the planet to locate and develop energy and mineral resources. Others study the impact of human activity on Earth's environment, and design methods to protect the planet. Some use their knowledge about Earth processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes to help protect people from these dangerous events.
Typically, Earth scientists use tools from geology, chronology, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how Earth works and evolves. For example, meteorologists study the weather and watch for dangerous storms. Hydrologists examine water and warn of floods. Seismologists study earthquakes and try to understand where they will strike. Geologists study rocks and help to locate useful minerals. Earth scientists often work in the field—perhaps climbing mountains, exploring the seabed, crawling through caves, or wading in swamps. They measure and collect samples (such as rocks or river water), then record their findings on charts and maps.
Earthscience or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical...
Earth system science (ESS) is the application of systems science to the Earth. In particular, it considers interactions and 'feedbacks', through material...
overview of and topical guide to Earthscience: Earthscience – all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet Earth. It is also known as geoscience...
Earth is an archaic and scientifically disproven conception of the Earth's shape as a plane or disk. Many ancient cultures subscribed to a flat-Earth...
determining Earth's age was established, proving the planet to be billions of years old. Celestial sphere Earth phase Earthscience Extremes on Earth List of...
of fiction is set on or features the Earth, as the only planet home to humans. This also holds true of science fiction, despite perceptions to the contrary...
The Ministry of EarthSciences was formed on 29 January 2006 from a merger of the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the National Centre for Medium...
Applications of machine learning in earthsciences include geological mapping, gas leakage detection and geological features identification. Machine learning...
NASA EarthScience, formerly called NASA EarthScience Enterprise (ESE) and Mission To Planet Earth (MTPE), is a NASA research program "to develop a scientific...
resources such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, or renewable energy. The Earth's climate and ecosystems processes are driven by the energy the planet receives...
Branches of chemistry Earthscience – all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Earthscience is the study of how...
inquiry. The philosophy of Earthscience is concerned with how humans obtain and verify knowledge of the workings of the Earth system, including the atmosphere...
Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth', and λoγία (-logía) 'study of, discourse') is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical...
The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed...
geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. Geography has been called...
The Snowball Earth is a geohistorical hypothesis that proposes during one or more of Earth's icehouse climates, the planet's surface became entirely or...
The International EarthScience Olympiad (IESO), one of the thirteen International Science Olympiads, is an annual competition for secondary school students...
The Hollow Earth is a concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space. Notably suggested by Edmond...
Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on physical, chemical and mechanical processes...
The Mackay School of EarthSciences and Engineering (formerly Mackay School of Mines) is a specialized school within the University of Nevada, Reno. It...
This list of earthsciences awards is an index to articles on notable awards for earthsciences, or natural science related to the planet Earth. It includes...
The age of Earth is estimated to be 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age may represent the age of Earth's accretion, or core formation...
Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), celestial bodies (such as moons, asteroids, comets)...
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