Collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere
For the academic journal from the Geological Society of America, see Geosphere (journal).
Look up geosphere in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
There are several conflicting usages of geosphere, variously defined. It may be taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere.[1] The different collectives of the geosphere are able to exchange different mass and/or energy fluxes (the measurable amount of change). The exchange of these fluxes affects the balance of the different spheres of the geosphere. An example is how the soil acts as a part of the biosphere,[2] while also acting as a source of flux exchange.
In Aristotelian physics, the term was applied to four spherical natural places, concentrically nested around the center of the Earth, as described in the lectures Physica and Meteorologica. They were believed to explain the motions of the four terrestrial elements:Earth, Water, Air, and Fire.
In modern texts and in Earth system science, geosphere refers to the solid parts of the Earth; it is used along with atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere to describe the systems of the Earth (the interaction of these systems with the magnetosphere is sometimes listed). In that context, sometimes the term lithosphere is used instead of geosphere or solid Earth. The lithosphere, however, only refers to the uppermost layers of the solid Earth (oceanic and continental crustal rocks and uppermost mantle).[3]
Since space exploration began, it has been observed that the extent of the ionosphere or plasmasphere is highly variable, and often much larger than previously appreciated, at times extending to the boundaries of the Earth's magnetosphere.[4] This highly variable outer boundary of geogenic matter has been referred to as the "geopause" (or magnetopause),[5] to suggest the relative scarcity of such matter beyond it, where the solar wind dominates.
^Williams, R.S., Jr., and Ferrigno, J.G. (eds.) (2012) Plate Figure 4 in State of the Earth’s cryosphere at the beginning of the 21st century–Glaciers, global snow cover, floating ice, and permafrost and periglacial environments: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386–A.
^lorea, N.; Cotet, V.; Mocani, V. (April 2014). "Cycles of substances and energy at geospheres interface - fluxes conditioning the soil and life". Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences. 9 (2): 209–217.
^Allaby, A. and Allaby, M. (eds). (2003). A Dictionary of Earth Sciences. Oxford University Press. New York. 2nd edition. p. 320. ISBN 0198607601
^Siscoe, G. (1991). "Aristotle on the magnetosphere". Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 72 (7): 69. Bibcode:1991EOSTr..72...69S. doi:10.1029/90EO00050.
^Moore, T. E.; Delcourt, D. C. (1995). "The geopause". Reviews of Geophysics. 33 (2): 175. Bibcode:1995RvGeo..33..175M. doi:10.1029/95RG00872.
Look up geosphere in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. There are several conflicting usages of geosphere, variously defined. It may be taken as the collective...
increasing significantly, often at an exponential rate. The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) has divided and analyzed data from years 1750...
biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. Other major biogeochemical cycles...
and rifting of the North American Gulf of Mexico continental margin. Geosphere. 8(1):GES00725.1, first published on March 6, 2012, doi:10.1130/GES00725...
four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary...
natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. Technical geography is interested in studying and applying techniques...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the planet Earth: Earth – third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the...
(ETM-2) hyperthermals in terrestrial sediments of the Canadian Arctic". Geosphere. 18 (1): 327–349. doi:10.1130/GES02398.1. Retrieved 23 June 2023. Abels...
biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. The oxygen cycle is the movement...
HydroGeoSphere (HGS) is a 3D control-volume finite element groundwater model, and is based on a rigorous conceptualization of the hydrologic system consisting...
(2015). "Geomorphic constraints on the age of the western Grand Canyon". Geosphere. 11 (4): 958–976. Bibcode:2015Geosp..11..958D. doi:10.1130/ges01131.1...
Carbon is generally exchanged very slowly between the atmosphere and geosphere. Two exceptions are volcanic eruptions and the combustion of fossil fuels...
Winans, R; Botto, R (1992). "The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere—II. Identification, classification and nomenclature of resinites". Organic...
Crutzen, Paul and Eugene F. Stoermer. "The 'Anthropocene'" in International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Newsletter. 41 (May 2000): 17–18 Scott, Michon (2014)...
2016. Retrieved 21 October 2015. "Deltas at Risk" (PDF). International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2015...
after the geosphere (inanimate matter) and the biosphere (biological life). Just as the emergence of life fundamentally transformed the geosphere, the emergence...
the Ancestral Cascades arc, Walker Lane belt of California and Nevada". Geosphere. 9 (5): 1147–1160. Bibcode:2013Geosp...9.1147B. doi:10.1130/GES00928.1...
plasma to expand into the magnetosphere, increasing the size of the plasma geosphere and injecting atmospheric matter into the solar wind. Geomagnetic storms...
Transl.: The Ecozones of the World: The Ecological Divisions of the Geosphere. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995; 2nd ed., 2005, [5]. "Bailey System". US...
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk) consists of the national academy of Russia;...
Human Perspective". In Bengtsson, Lennart O.; Hammer, Claus U. (eds.). Geosphere-biosphere Interactions and Climate. Cambridge University Press. pp. 90–91...
there. He also worked on the original exhibit in Epcot's Spaceship Earth geosphere at Walt Disney World. He focused on detective fiction in the 1980s. In...
Global Information