Construction 3D Printing (c3Dp) or 3D construction Printing (3DCP) refers to various technologies that use 3D printing as a core method to fabricate buildings or construction components. Alternative terms for this process include "additive construction."[1][2] "3D Concrete" refers to concrete extrusion technologies whereas Autonomous Robotic Construction System (ARCS), large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM), and freeform construction (FC) refer to other sub-groups.[3]
At construction scale, the main 3D-printing methods are extrusion (concrete/cement, wax, foam, polymers), powder bonding (polymer bond, reactive bond, sintering), and additive welding.
A number of different approaches have been demonstrated to date, which include on-site and off-site fabrication of buildings and construction components, using industrial robots, gantry systems, and tethered autonomous vehicles. Demonstrations of construction 3D printing technologies have included fabrication of housing, construction components (cladding and structural panels and columns), bridges and civil infrastructure, artificial reefs, follies, and sculptures.[4][5]
3D Concrete Printing is indeed a promising technology that has the potential to revolutionize the construction of buildings and structures into new and complex forms, saving time, materials, labor, and costs, while also enhancing the sustainability and environmental impact of construction. However, this technology faces various obstacles and challenges, such as the selection and design of material mixes, process quality and control, structural integrity, and the durability of 3D-printed structures, as well as industry regulation and standardization.[6]
^Labonnote, Nathalie; Rønnquist, Anders; Manum, Bendik; Rüther, Petra (December 2016). "Additive construction: State-of-the-art, challenges and opportunities". Automation in Construction. 72: 347–366. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.026.
^Kreiger, Eric L.; Kreiger, Megan A.; Case, Michael P. (August 2019). "Development of the construction processes for reinforced additively constructed concrete". Additive Manufacturing. 28: 39–49. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.02.015. S2CID 155452051.
^Sisson, Patrick (8 January 2019). "Can this startup 3D-print a home in 30 hours?". Curbed.
^"World's First 3D Printed Bridge Opens in Spain". ArchDaily. 7 February 2017.
^"World's first 3D-printed bridge opens to cyclists in Netherlands". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 18 October 2017.
^Ahmed, Ghafur H. (2023-05-01). "A review of "3D concrete printing": Materials and process characterization, economic considerations and environmental sustainability". Journal of Building Engineering. 66: 105863. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.105863. ISSN 2352-7102. S2CID 255660086.
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