The independence ceremony for the Congo during which Lumumba delivered his speech
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Independence of Congo-Léopoldville
Independence
Belgian Congo
World War II
Léopoldville riots
Belgo-Congolese Round Table Conference
1960 Elections
Lumumba's independence speech
Republic of the Congo
Lumumba Government
Figures
Belgians:
Gaston Eyskens
King Baudouin
August de Schryver
Walter Ganshof van der Meersch
Émile Janssens
Congolese:
Patrice Lumumba
Joseph Kasa-Vubu
Daniel Kanza
Moise Tshombe
Albert Kalonji
Cléophas Kamitatu
Antoine Gizenga
Paul Bolya
Jean Bolikango
Joseph Iléo
Parties
ABAKO
MNC
CONAKAT
PSA
ABAZI
ASSORECO
UGECO
Congo Crisis
Mutiny of the Force Publique
Katanga secession
South Kasai secession
UN intervention
Stanleyville rebellion
Operation Rum Punch
Niemba Ambush
Siege of Jadotville
Kindu atrocity
Operation Grandslam
Simba Rebellion
Kisangani Mutinies
Miscellaneous and cultural
Évolué
Indépendance Cha Cha
Table Ronde
Year of Africa
Decolonisation of Africa
The Speech at the Ceremony of the Proclamation of the Congo's Independence[a] was a short political speech given by Patrice Lumumba on 30 June 1960 at the ceremonies marking the independence of the Republic of Congo (the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) from Belgium. It is best known for its outspoken criticism of colonialism.
Lumumba, the first Congolese Prime Minister, gave the address during the official independence commemorations at the Palais de la Nation in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa). The ceremony was intended to mark the harmonious end of Belgian rule and was attended by both Congolese and Belgian dignitaries, including King Baudouin. Lumumba's speech, which was itself unscheduled, was in large part a response to Baudouin's speech which argued that the end of colonial rule in the Congo had been depicted as the culmination of the Belgian "civilising mission" begun by Leopold II in the Congo Free State. Lumumba's speech, broadcast live on the radio across the world, denounced colonialism and was interpreted as an affront to Belgium and Baudouin personally. While it was well-received within the Congo, it was widely condemned internationally as unnecessarily confrontational and for showing ingratitude at a time when Belgium had granted independence to the state. The speech nearly provoked a diplomatic incident between the Congo and Belgium, and Lumumba later gave further speeches attempting to adopt a more conciliatory tone.
The speech itself has since been praised for its use of political rhetoric, and is considered a landmark moment in the independence of the Congo. It has also been cited as a contributary factor to the subsequent Congo Crisis and in Lumumba's murder in 1961. Since its delivery, the speech has been widely reprinted and has been depicted in paintings and film.
^Lumumba 1961.
^Pfefferle 2013.
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