Global InformationCommunication deviance information
Communication deviance (CD) occurs when a speaker fails to effectively communicate and convey meaning to their listeners with confusing speech patterns or illogical patterns.[1] These disturbances can range from vague linguistic references, contradictory statements to more encompassing non-verbal problems at the level of turn-taking.
The term was originally introduced by Lyman Wynne and Margaret Singer in 1963 to describe a communication style found among parents who had children with schizophrenia.[2] According to Wynne, people are able to focus their attention and identify meaning from external stimuli beginning with their interactions, particularly with their parents, during their early years of life.[3] In family communication, deviance is present in the way members acknowledge or affirm one another as well as in task performance.[4]
A recent meta-analysis reported that communication deviance is highly prevalent in parents of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia [5] and adoption studies have reported significant associations between CD in the parent and thought disorder in the offspring.[6]
But, some research shows that CD may be more likely to be associated with specific cognitive disorganization rather than the criteria of schizophrenia, like DSM-III or DSM-II.[7] Also, findings of CD shows that CD may be associated with children's disorders too, rather than the behavior of preschizophrenic types.[8]
For application purposes: CD has been thought of as a measurement of disorder shown in speech in the subclinical aspect.[9]
However, the mechanisms by which CD impacts on the offspring's cognition are still unknown. Some researchers theorize that, in the case of a high degree of egocentric communication in parents where the sender and the receiver do not speak and listen according to each other's premises, the child develops uncertainty.[10]
The research of psychiatrists and psychoanalysts Lyman Wynne and Theodore Lidz on communication deviance and roles (e.g., pseudo-mutuality, pseudo-hostility, schism and skew) in families of people with schizophrenia also became influential with systems-communications-oriented theorists and therapists.[11][12]
- ^ Singer, MT; Wynne, LC (August 1966). "Principles for scoring communication defects and deviances in parents of schizophrenics: Rorschach and TAT scoring manuals". Psychiatry. 29 (3): 260–88. doi:10.1080/00332747.1966.11023470. PMID 5969538.
- ^ Andrés Martin; Fred R. Volkmar; Melvin Lewis (2007). Lewis's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 862. ISBN 978-0-7817-6214-4.
- ^ Vangelisti, Anita L. (2012-11-27). The Routledge Handbook of Family Communication. Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-94636-3.
- ^ Huser Liem, Joan (1979). "Family Studies of Schizophrenia: An Update and Commentary". Special Report: Schizophrenia, 1980. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. p. 91.
- ^ de Sousa, P.; Varese, F.; Sellwood, W.; Bentall, R. P. (25 June 2013). "Parental Communication and Psychosis: A Meta-analysis". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 40 (4): 756–768. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt088. PMC 4059429. PMID 23800431.
- ^ Wahlberg, KE; Wynne, LC; Oja, H; Keskitalo, P; Anais-Tanner, H; Koistinen, P; Tarvainen, T; Hakko, H; Lahti; Moring, J; Naarala, M; Sorri, A; Tienari, P (January 2000). "Thought disorder index of Finnish adoptees and communication deviance of their adoptive parents". Psychological Medicine. 30 (1): 127–36. doi:10.1017/s0033291799001415. PMID 10722183. S2CID 22493216.
- ^ Sass, Louis A.; Gunderson, John G.; Singer, Margaret Thaler; Wynne, Lyman C. (September 1984). "Parental Communication Deviance and Forms of Thinking in Male Schizophrenic Offspring". The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 172 (9): 513–520. doi:10.1097/00005053-198409000-00001. ISSN 0022-3018. PMID 6470693. S2CID 11151733.
- ^ Velligan, Dawn; Christensen, Andrew; Goldstein, Michael J.; Margolin, Gayla (December 1988). "Parental communication deviance: Its relationship to parent, child, and family system variables". Psychiatry Research. 26 (3): 313–325. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(88)90126-6. PMID 3222396. S2CID 26315273.
- ^ Subotnik, K. L.; Goldstein, M. J.; Nuechterlein, K. H.; Woo, S. M.; Mintz, J. (2002-01-01). "Are Communication Deviance and Expressed Emotion Related to Family History of Psychiatric Disorders in Schizophrenia?". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 28 (4): 719–729. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006975. ISSN 0586-7614. PMID 12795501.
- ^ L'Abate, Luciano (1998). Family Psychopathology: The Relational Roots of Dysfunctional Behavior. New York: Guilford Press. p. 84. ISBN 1-57230-369-7.
- ^ Sholevar, G.P. (2003). Family Theory and Therapy. In Sholevar, G.P. & Schwoeri, L.D. Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.
- ^ Barker, P. (2007). Basic family therapy; 5th edition. Wiley-Blackwell.