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In criminology, differential association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior.
The differential association theory is the most talked about of the learning theories of deviance. This theory focuses on how individuals learn to become criminals, but does not concern itself with why they become criminals. Learning Theory is closely related to the interactionist perspective; however, it is not considered so because interactionism focuses on the construction of boundaries in society and persons' perceptions of them. Learning Theory is considered a positivist approach because it focuses on specific acts, opposed to the more subjective position of social impressions on one's identity, and how those may compel to act. They learn how to commit criminal acts; they learn motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. It grows socially easier for the individuals to commit a crime. Their inspiration is the processes of cultural transmission and construction. Sutherland had developed the idea of the "self" as a social construct, as when a person's self-image is continuously being reconstructed especially when interacting with other people.
Phenomenology and ethnomethodology also encouraged people to debate the certainty of knowledge and to make sense of their everyday experiences using indexicality methods. People define their lives by reference to their experiences, and then generalise those definitions to provide a framework of reference for deciding on future action. From a researcher's perspective, a subject will view the world very differently if employed as opposed to unemployed, if in a supportive family or abused by parents or those close to the individual. However, individuals might respond to the same situation differently depending on how their experience predisposes them to define their current surroundings.
Differential association predicts that an individual will choose the criminal path when the balance of definitions for law-breaking exceeds those for law-abiding. This tendency will be reinforced if social association provides active people in the person's life. Earlier in life the individual comes under the influence of those of high status within that group, the more likely the individual to follow in their footsteps. This does not deny that there may be practical motives for crime. If a person feels hungry but has no money, the temptation to steal will become present. But, the use of "needs" and "values" is equivocal. To a greater or lesser extent, both non-criminal and criminal individuals are motivated by the need for money and social gain.
and 27 Related for: Differential association information
In criminology, differentialassociation is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the...
more fluid 'group-association' of contemporary organized crime. This model conforms to social learning theory or differentialassociation in that there are...
other differences among people. Differentialassociation (sub-cultural) posits that people learn crime through association. This theory was advocated by...
the type of youth crime that causes most anxiety to the public. Differentialassociation is another theory that deals with young people in a group context...
learn both good and bad habits from each other. In differentialassociation theory the mere association with others provides a learning opportunity. If social...
Differential privacy (DP) is a mathematically rigorous framework for releasing statistical information about datasets while protecting the privacy of individual...
thought and is best known for defining white-collar crime and differentialassociation, a general theory of crime and delinquency. Sutherland earned his...
In healthcare, a differential diagnosis (DDx) is a method of analysis that distinguishes a particular disease or condition from others that present with...
and one that loses its fundamental association with discrete entropy. In terms of measure theory, the differential entropy of a probability measure is...
In baseball, run differential is a cumulative team statistic that combines offensive and defensive scoring. Run differential is calculated by subtracting...
In game theory, differential games are a group of problems related to the modeling and analysis of conflict in the context of a dynamical system. More...
including social control theory, subcultural theory, strain theory, differentialassociation, and labeling theory. Subfields of criminology and related fields...
learning theory and operant conditioning with Edwin Sutherland's differentialassociation theory to create a comprehensive theory of criminal behavior. Burgess...
have been applied to criminology include the social learning and differentialassociation theories. Social learning theory's element of interaction between...
different cultures. This was the seed of Sutherland's theory of differentialassociation, which was fully developed in the fourth edition, published in...
In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation is called a Bernoulli differential equation if it is of the form y ′ + P ( x ) y = Q ( x ) y n , {\displaystyle...
The semantic differential (SD) is a measurement scale designed to measure a person's subjective perception of, and affective reactions to, the properties...
A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood...
device to separate wool during carding and began to experiment with differential gear trains, possibly inventing the device independently or borrowing...
Differential testing, also known as differential fuzzing, is a popular software testing technique that attempts to detect bugs, by providing the same input...
Tamaki M, Natale V, Gianni C, Trivedi C, et al. (September 2016). "DifferentialAssociation of Exercise Intensity With Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Men and...
Catherine J.; Rye, Mark S.; Goodnight, Jackson A. (January 2012). "The differentialassociation between alexithymia and primary versus secondary psychopathy"....
TR, Iannotti RJ (April 2011). "Cyber and Traditional Bullying: DifferentialAssociation With Depression". Journal of Adolescent Health. 48 (4): 415–417...
normlessness or norm-rigidity was a symptom of anomie, caused by the lack of differential adaptation that would enable norms to evolve naturally due to self-regulation...
unpunished, and many are not never even known to the public.: 206 Differentialassociation: Developed by Edwin Sutherland, this theory examines criminal acts...
processes, one that involves the effects of self-labeling and the other differential treatment from society based on the individual's label. Therefore, if...
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