Series of collisions between nearby atoms, initiated by a single energetic atom
For the scenario of collisions between objects in low earth orbit producing a chain reactions of debris colliding with additional objects producing more debris, see Kessler syndrome.
A classical molecular dynamics computer simulation of a collision cascade in Au induced by a 10 keV Au self-recoil. This is a typical case of a collision cascade in the heat spike regime. Each small sphere illustrates the position of an atom, in a 2-atom-layer-thick cross section of a three-dimensional simulation cell. The colors show (on a logarithmic scale) the kinetic energy of the atoms, with white and red being high kinetic energy from 10 keV downwards, and blue being low.
In condensed-matter physics, a collision cascade (also known as a displacement cascade or a displacement spike) is a set of nearby adjacent energetic (much higher than ordinary thermal energies) collisions of atoms induced by an energetic particle in a solid or liquid.[1][2]
If the maximum atom or ion energies in a collision cascade are higher than the threshold displacement energy of the material (tens of eVs or more), the collisions can permanently displace atoms from their lattice sites and produce defects. The initial energetic atom can be, e.g., an ion from a particle accelerator, an atomic recoil produced by a passing high-energy neutron, electron or photon, or be produced when a radioactive nucleus decays and gives the atom a recoil energy.
The nature of collision cascades can vary strongly depending on the energy and mass of the recoil/incoming ion and density of the material (stopping power).
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R. S. Averback and T. Diaz de la Rubia (1998). "Displacement damage in irradiated metals and semiconductors". In H. Ehrenfest; F. Spaepen (eds.). Solid State Physics. Vol. 51. Academic Press. pp. 281–402.
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R. Smith, ed. (1997). Atomic & ion collisions in solids and at surfaces: theory, simulation and applications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44022-X.
In condensed-matter physics, a collisioncascade (also known as a displacement cascade or a displacement spike) is a set of nearby adjacent energetic...
Collisionalcascading may refer to: Collisioncascade, collisions of atoms induced by an energetic particle in a solid or liquid Kessler syndrome or collisional...
The Kessler syndrome (also called the Kessler effect, collisionalcascading, or ablation cascade), proposed by NASA scientist Donald J. Kessler in 1978...
Look up Cascade or cascade in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cascade, Cascades or Cascading may refer to: Cascade waterfalls, or series of waterfalls...
integral of the collision to know what time has elapsed during the collision. This is necessary at least when BCA is used in the "full cascade" mode, see below...
subsequent collisions and the creations of additional knock-on atoms, producing what is known as the collisioncascade or displacement cascade. The knock-on...
off collisioncascades in the target. Such cascades can take many paths; some recoil back toward the surface of the target. If a collisioncascade reaches...
spread of communism Kessler syndrome – Theoretical runaway satellite collisioncascade that could render parts of Earth orbit unusable Mathematical induction –...
induces an atomic collisioncascade, resulting in a disordered zone around the ion trajectory. According to the electron collisioncascade model the secondary...
In particle physics, a shower is a cascade of secondary particles produced as the result of a high-energy particle interacting with dense matter. The...
creation of additional knock-on atoms The production of a displacement cascade (collection of point defects created by the primary knock-on atom) The...
structure of the target can be damaged or even destroyed by the energetic collisioncascades, and ions of sufficiently high energy (tens of MeV) can cause nuclear...
therapy. Many of the radiation effects on materials are produced by collisioncascades and covered by radiation chemistry. Radiation can have harmful effects...
additional reaction upon interaction with another nuclei called a collisioncascade. muon capture, which pervades at depths a few meters below the subsurface...
relocations within an atomic lattice. The sequence of collisions is known as a collisioncascade. During this ballistic process, energies of impinging...
the high-energy ions are directed onto the material's surface, a collisioncascade occurs. Ions bombard the surface of the specimen, and energy is transferred...
be used to examine features such as periodic surface structures. Collisioncascade Elastic recoil detection Geiger–Marsden experiment Ion beam analysis...
features created by irradiation Generation of lattice defects in collisioncascades via the high-energy recoil atoms produced in the process of neutron...
causing their orbits to shrink and their eccentricities to grow. A collisionalcascade follows as the planetesimals' relative velocities became large enough...
DVD, NASA Orbital Debris Section interview. D.J. Kessler (1991). "CollisionalCascading: The Limits of Population Growth in Low Earth Orbit". Advances in...
collision occurred at 16:56 UTC and destroyed both the Iridium 33 and Kosmos-2251. The Iridium satellite was operational at the time of the collision...
North Cascades National Park is an American national park in the state of Washington. At more than 500,000 acres (200,000 ha), it is the largest of the...
plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone. These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead...
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