Colchis Aryan Kartli Kingdom of Iberia Pharnavazid dynasty Georgia in the Roman era Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia Campaign of Pompey Iberian–Armenian War Lazica Arsacid dynasty of Iberia Sasanian Iberia Chosroid dynasty Christianization of Iberia
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Early modern history
Duchy of Ksani Samtskhe-Saatabago Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti Kingdom of Imereti Principality of Guria Principality of Svaneti Principality of Mingrelia Principality of Abkhazia Safavid Georgia Childir Eyalet Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Modern history
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In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis[a] (/ˈkɒlkɪs/;[15] Ancient Greek: Κολχίς) was an exonym for the Georgian polity[b] of Egrisi[c] (Georgian: ეგრისი) located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia.
Its population, the Colchians, are generally thought to have been an early Kartvelian-speaking tribe ancestral to contemporary western Georgians, namely Svans and Zans.[4] According to David Marshall Lang: "one of the most important elements in the modern Georgian nation, the Colchians were probably established in the Caucasus by the Middle Bronze Age."[16][17][18][19]
It has been described in modern scholarship as "the earliest Georgian formation", which, along with the Kingdom of Iberia, would later contribute significantly to the development of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Georgian nation.[20][21][22][23]
Colchis is known in Greek mythology as the destination of the Argonauts, as well as the home to Medea and the Golden Fleece.[24] It was also described as a land rich with gold, iron, timber and honey that would export its resources mostly to ancient Hellenic city-states.[25] Colchis likely had a diverse population. According to Greek and Roman sources, between 70 and 300 languages were spoken in Dioscourias (modern Sukhumi) alone.[6]
According to Rayfield, the first mention of Colchis is during the reign of the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I of the Middle Assyrian Empire (1245–1209 BC) when he mentions "40 kings by the Upper [Black] Sea".[26] Colchis territory is mostly assigned to what is now the western part of Georgia and encompasses the present-day Georgian provinces of Samegrelo, Imereti, Guria, Adjara, Svaneti, Racha; Abkhazia; modern Russia's Sochi and Tuapse districts; and present-day Turkey’s Artvin, Rize, and Trabzon provinces.[27][28]
^Morritt, R.D. (2010). Stones that Speak. EBSCO ebook academic collection. Cambridge Scholars Pub. p. 99. ISBN 9781443821766. The tribes in Colchis consolidated during the 13th century BCE. This was at this period mentioned in Greek mythology as Colchis as the destination of the Argonauts and the home of Medea in her domain of sorcery. She was known to Urartians as Qulha (Kolkha or Kilkhi).
^Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidże, Otar (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. University of Michigan: Publishing House Petite. p. 17. ISBN 9789941906367.
^David Braund. Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC – AD 562. pp. 5,180.
^ abIvane Javakhishvili. A History of the Georgian Nation, Book I. pp. 44–47.
Colchis was mainly inhabited by Megrelian-Laz speaking tribes. Then Colchians conquered the land of the Svans.
^Tsetskhladze 1993, p. 235, 240.
^ abRayfield 2012, p. 14.
^Morritt, R.D. (2010). Stones that Speak. EBSCO ebook academic collection. Cambridge Scholars Pub. ISBN 9781443821766. they [Colchis] absorbed part of Diaokh (c.750 BCE)
^Assatiani, Nodar; Bendianachvili, Alexandre (1997). Histoire de la Géorgie. Paris: L'Harmattan. p. 31. ISBN 2-7384-6186-7.
^Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidże, Otar (2009). History of Georgia. Tbilisi: Publishing House Petite. p. 16.
^"Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern History and Archaeology Presented to Mirjo Salvini on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday". Archaeopress, 2019. p.141
^Stanley Arthur Cook, Martin Percival Charlesworth, John Bagnell Bury, John Bernard Bury. The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge University Press. p. 350.
^Rayfield 2012, p. 17.
^Ronald Grigor Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation, 2nd ed., p 7
^Savalli-Lestrade, I. (1998) *Les philoi royaux dans l'Asie hellenistique", École pratique des hautes études: Sciences historiques et philologiques. Droz. 9782600002905 p.182
^Avery, Catherine B., ed. (1962). New Century Classical Handbook. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. p. 314-315.
^David Marshall Lang. The Georgians. p. 59. Frederick A. Praeger. New York (1966).
^Antiquity 1994. p. 359. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Значение слова "Колхи" в Большой Советской Энциклопедии
^The Cambridge Ancient History, John Anthony Crook, Elizabeth Rawson, p. 255
^David Marshall Lang. The Georgians. p. 75, 76-88. Frederick A. Praeger. New York (1966).
^Cyril Toumanoff, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, pp. 69, 84
^Christopher Haas, Early Christianity in Contexts, An Exploration Across Cultures and Continents, Chapter Three: Caucasus, Baker Publishing Group (November 18, 2014),
^Charles Burney, David Marshall Lang. The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus. p. 194-94. Phoenix Press. (2001)
^Svante E. Cornell. Autonomy and Conflict, Ethnoteritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus-Cases of Georgia. p. 130. Uppsala University. Stockholm (2002)
^W. E. D. Allen, A history of the Georgian people (1932), p. 123
^Nigel Wilson, Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece, p. 149
^Rayfield 2012, p. 15.
^Morritt, Robert D. (2017). Stones that Speak. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. ISBN 9781443821766 – via Google Books.
^Ronald G. Suny - The Making of the Georgian Nation. Indiana University Press. Page 8
usage of the name Colchis in political and mythological contexts (i.e. the relationship between "Aia-Colchis" and "the land of Colchis"). According to the...
fleece was ever removed from Colchis. Indeed, after Medea helped Jason steal the fleece, Perses usurped the throne of Colchis from his brother, but was subsequently...
Georgian (Historical Colchis) municipalities and cities, including the Coats of Arms of City of Kutaisi, the ancient capital city of Colchis. Athamas the founder...
Χαλκαίοι, romanized: tauroi khalkeoi, lit. 'bronze bulls'), also known as the Colchis Bulls, are mythical creatures that appear in the Greek myth of Jason and...
The Colchis Lowland (Georgian: კოლხეთის დაბლობი, K’olkhetis dablobi) is a geographical area in Georgia, which consists of a coastal lowland plain of the...
Pharnavazid eristavi of Colchis and prince of the Kingdom of Iberia in the 1st century BC. Kartam was a descendant of Kuji of Colchis from his marriage on...
studies Cyril Toumanoff: Colchis appears as the first Caucasian State to have achieved the coalescence of the newcomer, Colchis can be justly regarded as...
k'olkhuri drak'oni, Dragon of Colchis) this immense serpent, a child of Typhon and Echidna, guarded the Golden Fleece at Colchis. It was said to never sleep...
official language. Mithridates VI conquered the Colchis, and gave it to his son Mithridates of Colchis. As a result of the Roman campaigns between 88 and...
Saulaces was a king of Colchis known from Naturalis Historia by the 1st-century Roman author Pliny the Elder and identified by one hypothesis as a king...
Staphylea colchica, the Caucasian bladdernut, Colchis bladdernut, or Georgian: ჯონჯოლი, jonjoli or djondjoli, is an ornamental shrub in the Staphyleaceae...
1st century BC. Created as a result of the collapse of the kingdom of Colchis and the gaining of independence by the tribal-territorial units included...
remote subjects, including those in Colchis, a country on the eastern Black Sea coast. For the Pontic monarchy, Colchis was a key possession, which supplied...
romanized: Mḗdeia; meaning "planner", "schemer") is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis. In the myth of Jason and the Argonauts, she aids Jason in his search for...
the location of Colchis and how to pass the Symplegades, or The Clashing Rocks, and then they parted. The only way to reach Colchis was to sail through...
empires. Iberia, centered on present-day Eastern Georgia, was bordered by Colchis in the west, Caucasian Albania in the east and Armenia in the south. Its...
a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Georgia, which comprises parts of the Colchis Lowland along some 80 km of western Georgia's Black Sea coastline. It was...
ქუჯი, romanized: kuji) (fl. 4th century BC) was a ruler and eristavi of Colchis. During his reign his castle of Nokalakevi was built. Kuji aided Pharnavaz...
ruler in Colchis is also known to Strabo, but he does not specify the dynast's name. As Aristarchus's extant drachms confirm he was "over Colchis", but he...
is native to Near and Middle East. It is commonly called Persian ivy or colchis ivy. It is an evergreen climbing plant, growing to 30 m high where suitable...
the eastern part of his world, perhaps near Colchis, since Circe was the sister of Aeëtes, king of Colchis, and because their paternal aunt the goddess...
Lithuania Maribor, Slovenia Tartu, Estonia Colchis Imereti The Forest Song “Aia is the city of Colchis. It is located on the edge of the populated universe"...
kilometers (30 miles) in diameter. It was named for the ancient Kingdom of Colchis. Colchis is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when...
timber, linen, and hemp. It was also a prime center of slave trade in Colchis. The city and its surroundings were remarkable for the multitude of languages...
Poti (near ancient Phasis). The city of Kutaisi, once the ancient city of Colchis, lies on its banks. It drains the western Transcaucasus into the Black...
tetri is an old Georgian monetary term (meaning 'white') used in ancient Colchis from the 6th century BC. Earlier Georgian currencies include the maneti...