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Kingdom of Iberia information


Kingdom of Iberia
ქართლის სამეფო
kartlis samepo
c. 302 BC – 580 AD
Flag of Iberia, Kartli
Flag of the kingdom after the Christianization of Iberia
Colchis and Iberia
Colchis and Iberia
Status
  • Vassal state of the Seleucid Empire

(302–159 BC)

  • Client state of the Roman Republic[1]

(65–63 BC, 40–36 BC, 30–1 AD)

  • Client state of the Roman Empire[2][3][4]

(1–129 AD, 131–260 AD)

  • Vassal state of Sassanid Persia

(260–265 AD)[5]

  • Client state of the Eastern Roman Empire[6]

(298–363 AD)

  • Vassal state of Sassanid Persia

(363–482 AD, 502–523 AD)

  • Direct Sassanid Persian rule

(523–580 AD)

Capital
  • Armazi
  • Mtskheta
  • Tbilisi
Common languagesOld Georgian
GovernmentMonarchy
Historical eraAntiquity
• Reign of Pharnavaz I
c. 302 BC 
• Christianization of Iberia during reign of Mirian III
317 AD[7]
• Direct Sasanian control and abolition of the monarchy
 580 AD
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Iberia Achaemenid Empire
Kingdom of Iberia Colchis
Sasanian Iberia Kingdom of Iberia

In Greco-Roman geography, Iberia (Ancient Greek: Ἰβηρία Iberia; Latin: Hiberia) was an exonym for the Georgian kingdom of Kartli (Georgian: ქართლი), known after its core province, which during Classical Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages was a significant monarchy in the Caucasus, either as an independent state or as a dependent of larger empires, notably the Sassanid and Roman empires.[8] Iberia, centered on present-day Eastern Georgia, was bordered by Colchis in the west, Caucasian Albania in the east and Armenia in the south.

Its population, the Iberians, formed the nucleus of the Kartvelians (i.e. Georgians). Iberia, ruled by the Pharnavazid, Artaxiad, Arsacid and Chosroid royal dynasties, together with Colchis to its west, would form the nucleus of the unified medieval Kingdom of Georgia under the Bagrationi dynasty.[9][10]

In the 4th century, after the Christianization of Iberia by Saint Nino during the reign of King Mirian III, Christianity was made the state religion of the kingdom. Starting in the early 6th century AD, the kingdom's position as a Sassanian vassal state was changed into direct Persian rule. In 580, king Hormizd IV (578-590) abolished the monarchy after the death of King Bakur III, and Iberia became a Persian province ruled by a marzpan (governor).

The term "Caucasian Iberia" is also used to distinguish it from the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe.[11]

  1. ^ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. pp. 26, 29, 417.
  2. ^ Ronald Grigor Suny. The Making of the Georgian Nation. p. 15.
  3. ^ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. pp. 29–35.
  4. ^ Braund pp.233–237
  5. ^ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. pp. 35–36.
  6. ^ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. p. 38.
  7. ^ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. p. 39. The year 317 is the only one that century when a total eclipse of the sun was visible at Mtskheta. To convert before the Council of Nicaea in 325.
  8. ^ Ehsan Yarshater (1983). The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods. Cambridge University Press. pp. 520–. ISBN 978-0-521-20092-9. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  9. ^ Ronald Grigor Suny. The Making of the Georgian Nation. Indiana University Press, p. 13 ISBN 0-253-20915-3.
  10. ^ William Coffman McDermott, Wallace Everett Caldwell. Readings in the History of the Ancient World. p. 404.
  11. ^ Mikaberidze, p. 360

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succeeding the Principality of Iberia, in historical region of Tao-Klarjeti, or upper Iberia in north-eastern Turkey as well parts of modern southwestern Georgia...

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Iberia (Georgian: სასანური ქართლი, romanized: sasanuri kartli; Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭, wirōzān/wiruzān/wiručān) was the period the Kingdom of Iberia...

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ruler of Iberia of that name, after Adarnase III of Iberia, of the Nersianid dynasty From here continues the line of presiding princes of Iberia, now as...

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Iberian

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pertaining to the former Kingdom of Iberia, an exonym for the Georgian kingdom of Kartli. Iberians, one of the ancient Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula...

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significant economical and political centre of the Kingdom of Iberia. Due to the historical significance of the town and its several outstanding churches...

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result of the preaching of Saint Nino in the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli, known as Iberia in classical antiquity. The then-pagan king of Iberia Mirian...

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formation", which, along with the Kingdom of Iberia, would later contribute significantly to the development of the Kingdom of Georgia and the Georgian nation...

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in the territory of the Kingdom of Iberia, in what is now part of Georgia. Her preaching resulted in the Christianization of Iberia. According to most...

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Nana of Iberia

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was a Queen consort of the Kingdom of Iberia as the second wife of Mirian III in the 4th century. For her role in the conversion of Georgians to Christianity...

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Vakhtang I of Iberia

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defeat and weakening of the kingdom of Iberia. Tradition also ascribes him reorganization of the Georgian Orthodox Church and foundation of Tbilisi, Georgia's...

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Pharnavaz I of Iberia

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Lazica

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Christian eparchy (eastern bishopric) of Pityus was established in this kingdom, and as in neighboring Iberia Christianity was declared as an official...

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form the Kingdom of Georgia by the early 11th century. When the king of a great unified Iberia, Bakur III, died in 580, the Sassanid government of Persia...

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of the unified kingdom, Tbilisi, being in the eastern part of the country known as Kingdom of Iberia effectively making the language of the east an official...

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branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, ruled the ancient Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from c. 189 until 284 AD. The Arsacid dynasty of Iberia...

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Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire over the eastern Georgian kingdom of Iberia—a Sasanian client state that defected to the Byzantines. Conflict...

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