The cognitive reflection test (CRT) is a task designed to measure a person's tendency to override an incorrect "gut" response and engage in further reflection to find a correct answer; however, the validity of the assessment as a measure of "cognitive reflection" or "intuitive thinking" is under question.[1] It was first described in 2005 by psychologist Shane Frederick. The CRT has a moderate positive correlation with measures of intelligence, such as the Intelligence Quotient test, and it correlates highly with various measures of mental heuristics.[2][3][4][5] Some research argue that the CRT is actually measuring cognitive abilities (colloquially known as intelligence).[6]
Later research showed that the CRT is a multifaceted construct: many start their response with the correct answer, while others fail to solve the test even if they reflect on their intuitive first answer. It has also been argued that suppression of the first answer is not the only factor behind the successful performance on the CRT: numeracy and reflectivity both account for performance.[7]
^Blacksmith, Nikki; Yang, Yongwei; Behrend, Tara S.; Ruark, Gregory A. (2019). "Assessing the validity of inferences from scores on the cognitive reflection test". Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 32 (5): 599–612. doi:10.1002/bdm.2133. ISSN 1099-0771. S2CID 197706996.
^Frederick, Shane (2005). "Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 19 (4): 25–42. doi:10.1257/089533005775196732.
^Oechssler, Jörg; Roider, Andreas; Schmitz, Patrick W. (2009). "Cognitive abilities and behavioral biases" (PDF). Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 72 (1): 147–152. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2009.04.018. ISSN 0167-2681.
^Hoppe, Eva I.; Kusterer, David J. (2011). "Behavioral biases and cognitive reflection". Economics Letters. 110 (2): 97–100. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2010.11.015. ISSN 0165-1765.
^Toplak, Maggie (4 May 2011). "The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks" (PDF). Memory and Cognition. 39 (7): 1275–1289. doi:10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1. PMID 21541821. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
^Blacksmith, Nikki; Yang, Yongwei; Behrend, Tara S.; Ruark, Gregory A. (2019). "Assessing the validity of inferences from scores on the cognitive reflection test". Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 32 (5): 599–612. doi:10.1002/bdm.2133. ISSN 1099-0771. S2CID 197706996.
^ Szaszi, B., Szollosi, A., Palfi, B., Aczél B., (2017) The cognitive reflection test revisited: exploring the ways individuals solve the test, Thinking and Reasoning, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13546783.2017.1292954
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