Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.[5] This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others.[5] For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics.[5] It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously.[5][6]
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.[5] Severe side effects include an increased risk of tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage.[5] In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness.[5] Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin.[7] Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy.[8] No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication.[8] It appears to be safe during breastfeeding.[5] It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.[5][9][10]
Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced in 1987.[11][12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13][14] The World Health Organization classifies ciprofloxacin as critically important for human medicine.[15] It is available as a generic medication.[5][16] In 2021, it was the 141st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4million prescriptions.[17][18]
^"Ciprofloxacin Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^"Cipro- ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablet, film coated; Cipro- ciprofloxacin kit". DailyMed. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
^ abcZhanel GG, Fontaine S, Adam H, Schurek K, Mayer M, Noreddin AM, et al. (2006). "A Review of New Fluoroquinolones: Focus on their Use in Respiratory Tract Infections". Treatments in Respiratory Medicine. 5 (6): 437–465. doi:10.2165/00151829-200605060-00009. PMID 17154673. S2CID 26955572.
^ abcdefghij"Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
^"Ciprofloxacin Hcl Drops". WebMD. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
^Heidelbaugh JJ, Holmstrom H (April 2013). "The perils of prescribing fluoroquinolones". The Journal of Family Practice. 62 (4): 191–197. PMID 23570031.
^ ab"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Government of Australia. 23 August 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014.
^Ball P (July 2000). "Quinolone generations: natural history or natural selection?". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46 Suppl T1: 17–24. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jac.a020889. PMID 10997595.
^Oliphant CM, Green GM (February 2002). "Quinolones: a comprehensive review". American Family Physician. 65 (3): 455–464. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)67120-9. PMID 1185862.
^Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. OUP Oxford. 2009. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-19-103962-1. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 500. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^World Health Organization (2019). Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (6th revision ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/312266. ISBN 978-92-4-151552-8.
^Hamilton RJ (2014). Tarascon pharmacopoeia (15th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-284-05671-6. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Ciprofloxacin - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal...
against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One example is ciprofloxacin, one of the most widely used antibiotics worldwide. Fluoroquinolones...
reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin; current recommendations are that isolates should be tested simultaneously against ciprofloxacin (CIP) and against nalidixic...
such as ciprofloxacin. Bacteria require topoisomerases such as DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV for DNA replication. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin are able...
Streptococcus pneumoniae relative to earlier fluoroquinolone derivatives like ciprofloxacin. For this reason, it is considered a "respiratory fluoroquinolone" along...
agents which may have GABAA receptor antagonism include the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, tranexamic acid, thujone, ginkgo biloba, and kudzu. GABAA receptor...
permanent injury to the musculoskeletal system, with two exceptions. Ciprofloxacin is being licensed for the treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections...
erythromycin three times a day for seven days, or oral (500 mg) of ciprofloxacin twice a day for three days. Due to a paucity of reliable empirical evidence...
risk-benefit ratio. Cipro (ciprofloxacin) Ciprofloxacin was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1987. Ciprofloxacin is the most widely used...
fluids. Once present it is generally treated with antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone. Those with severe disease may require treatment in hospital...
infections have occurred. A two-month course of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and doxycycline after exposure can also prevent infection...
antiandrogen and progestogen Cipro, a trade name for the antibiotic ciprofloxacin This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cypro...
moderate to severe illness. Studies have suggested that azithromycin or ciprofloxacin, may be the most effective antibiotics when treating Enteroaggregative...
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin should also be avoided due to an increased serum concentration of tizanidine...
lesion that goes away after a few months. Oral antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin may be used to shorten the duration of symptoms. This condition typically...
typically with the antibiotic streptomycin. Gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin may also be used. Between the 1970s and 2015, around 200 cases were...
increased by erythromycin, cimetidine, and fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin. Some lipid-based formulations of theophylline can result in toxic theophylline...
amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, or aminoglycosides. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, may no longer be effective in some cases, due to resistance...
Setiawan A, Widodo AD, Endraswari PD (December 2022). "Comparison of ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and doxycycline on Klebsiella pneumoniae: Time-kill...
Ransom JL (2008). "Treatment of Citrobacter koseri infection with ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in a preterm infant". Ann Pharmacother. 42 (7): 1134–8...
tendon ruptures and tendinitis. Included were the popular drugs Cipro (ciprofloxacin), Levaquin (levofloxacin), Avelox (moxifloxacin), Noroxin (norfloxacin)...
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