Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.[4] Symptoms may include fever, skin ulcers, and enlarged lymph nodes.[3] Occasionally, a form that results in pneumonia or a throat infection may occur.[3]
The bacterium is typically spread by ticks, deer flies, or contact with infected animals.[4] It may also be spread by drinking contaminated water or breathing in contaminated dust.[4] It does not spread directly between people.[8] Diagnosis is by blood tests or cultures of the infected site.[5][9]
Prevention is by using insect repellent, wearing long pants, rapidly removing ticks, and not disturbing dead animals.[6] Treatment is typically with the antibiotic streptomycin.[9] Gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin may also be used.[5]
Between the 1970s and 2015, around 200 cases were reported in the United States a year.[7] Males are affected more often than females.[7] It occurs most frequently in the young and the middle aged.[7] In the United States, most cases occur in the summer.[7] The disease is named after Tulare County, California, where the disease was discovered in 1911.[10] A number of other animals, such as rabbits, may also be infected.[4]
^ abRapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
^James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
^ abc"Signs and Symptoms Tularemia". CDC. October 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ abcdef"Tularemia". CDC. October 2015.
^ abcd"Diagnosis and Treatment Tularemia". CDC. October 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ ab"Prevention Tularemia". www.cdc.gov. October 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ abcde"Statistics Tularemia". CDC. November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^"Transmission Tularemia". CDC. October 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^ ab"Clinicians Tularemia". www.cdc.gov. September 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
^Hagan, William Arthur; Bruner, Dorsey William; Timoney, John Francis (1988). Hagan and Bruner's Microbiology and Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals: With Reference to Etiology, Epizootiology, Pathogenesis, Immunity, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Cornell University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0801418969.
Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Symptoms may include fever, skin ulcers...
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include certain pathogens, such as Francisella tularensis which causes tularemia (rabbit fever). "Thiotrichales". www.uniprot.org. George M. Garrity: Bergey's...
several diseases in humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia (Francisella tularensis). It is one of the best-known hard ticks. Diseases...
bacterium. It is nonspore-forming, nonmotile, and the causative agent of tularemia, the pneumonic form of which is often lethal without treatment. It is...
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Whitecoat experiments by allowing themselves to be infected with bacteria (tularemia, Black Plague, Q fever, etc. ) that were considered likely choices for...
trypanosomes, the filarial worm Loa loa, anthrax among cattle and sheep, and tularemia. They can reduce growth rates in cattle and lower the milk output of cows...
tularensis) as the causative agent of tularemia. The type species, F. tularensis, causes the disease tularemia or rabbit fever. F. novicida and F. philomiragia...
plague were estimated to have killed at least 400,000 Chinese civilians. Tularemia was also tested on Chinese civilians. Due to pressure from numerous accounts...
Asia–Pacific. An extremely rare infection associated with rabbits-as-food is tularemia (also known as rabbit fever), which may be contracted from an infected...
weapons is recorded in Hittite texts of 1500–1200 BCE, in which victims of tularemia were driven into enemy lands, causing an epidemic. The Assyrians poisoned...
S. military, which studied it in field tests as a substitute for the tularemia bacterium, which was being weaponized at the time. On 26 and 27 September...
Empire was devastated by an epidemic of tularemia. The epidemic afflicted the Hittites for decades and tularemia killed Šuppiluliuma I and his successor...
avium complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever. For active tuberculosis it is often given together...
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