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Chyme
Identifiers
FMA
62961
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Chyme or chymus (/kaɪm/; from Greek χυμός khymos, "juice"[1][2]) is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person's or another animal's stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum[3] (the beginning of the small intestine).
Chyme results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in some time from 40 minutes to 3 hours.[4]
With a pH of approximately 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. The duodenum secretes a hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. CCK also causes the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. The duodenum is a short section of the small intestine located between the stomach and the rest of the small intestine. The duodenum also produces the hormone secretin to stimulate the pancreatic secretion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, which then raises pH of the chyme to 7. The chyme moves through the jejunum and the ileum, where digestion progresses, and the non-useful portion continues onward into the large intestine. The duodenum is protected by a thick layer of mucus and the neutralizing actions of the sodium bicarbonate and bile.
At a pH of 7, the enzymes that were present from the stomach are no longer active. The breakdown of any nutrients still present is by anaerobic bacteria, which at the same time help to package the remains. These bacteria also help synthesize vitamin B and vitamin K, which will be absorbed along with other nutrients.
^Chyme, Online Etymology Dictionary
^χυμός,
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^chyme, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
^A. Potter, Patrica (2013). Fundamentals of Nursing, 8th edition. Elsevier, Inc. p. 1000. ISBN 978-0-323-07933-4.
Chyme or chymus (/kaɪm/; from Greek χυμός khymos, "juice") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by a person's or another animal's...
The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the duodenum, the first and shortest part of the...
which propels a ball of food (called a bolus before being transformed into chyme in the stomach) along the tract. The peristaltic movement comprises relaxation...
bicarbonate (HCO3), which acts to neutralize the acidity of the stomach chyme entering duodenum through the pylorus. Ductal cells of the pancreas are...
The Chymes were an all-female 1960's garage rock group that was signed to Chattahoochee Records. The group consisted of sisters Stephanie, Candice and...
the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle...
Chymes (Greek: Χύμης) was a Greco-Roman alchemist who lived before the third century. He is known only through fragments of text in the works of Zosimos...
one-way motion in the caudal direction, segmentation contractions move chyme in both directions, which allows greater mixing with the secretions of the...
Maceration, in biology, the mechanical breakdown of ingested food into chyme Skin maceration, in dermatology, the softening and whitening of skin that...
intake. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, partially digested food (chyme) enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas...
these hormones into the blood is stimulated by the entry of the acidic chyme into the duodenum. Their coordinated action results in the secretion of...
divisions: Duodenum: A short structure (about 20–25 cm long) that receives chyme from the stomach, together with pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes...
Filipino-Ilocano stew made with goat meat and offal and flavored with its bile, chyme, or cud (also known as papait). This papait gives the stew its signature...
the lumen of the tract and comes into direct contact with digested food (chyme). The mucosa itself is made up of three layers: the epithelium, where most...
only on its mother's milk. The intestines are cleaned and skinned, but the chyme is left inside. The intestine is cut into pieces 20–25 cm long, which are...
tightly to limit the admission of more chyme into the duodenum. This gives the duodenum time to work on the chyme it has already received before being loaded...
the chyme (partly digested food and water) to be pushed along the ileum by waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis. The remaining chyme is passed...
and fatty stimuli present there when the pylorus opens and emits gastric chyme into the duodenum for further digestion. These cause the liver and gallbladder...
or insoluble form). As the chyme moves through the large intestine, most of the remaining water is removed, while the chyme is mixed with mucus and bacteria...
plural ceca /ˈsiːkə/) stems from the Latin caecus meaning blind. It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine...
produce chyme. Chyme is then released into the duodenum at a controlled rate to allow for maximum nutrient absorption. The controlled rate of chyme released...
inhibits the caudal (or "forward, analward") motion of the contents of chyme. The function of enterogasterone is almost the same as gastric inhibitor...
like a "C". It surrounds the head of the pancreas. It receives gastric chyme from the stomach, together with digestive juices from the pancreas (digestive...
as sealing orifices (e.g. pylorus, uterine os) or the transport of the chyme through wavelike contractions of the intestinal tube. Smooth muscle cells...
What is left is called chyme; this then moves into the small intestine, which absorbs the nutrients and water from the chyme. What remains passes on...
the pancreas in response to the hormone secretin to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach. Bicarbonate is the dominant form...
food. The intestinal phase: The remaining 10% of acid is secreted when chyme enters the small intestine, and is stimulated by small intestine distension...
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