Chlortalidone, also known as chlorthalidone, is a thiazide-like diuretic drug[1] used to treat high blood pressure, swelling (such as occurs in heart failure, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome), diabetes insipidus, and renal tubular acidosis.[2][3] Because chlortalidone is effective in most patients with high blood pressure, it is considered a preferred initial treatment.[4][2] It is also used to prevent calcium-based kidney stones.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2] Effects generally begin within three hours and last for up to three days.[2] Long-term treatment with chlortalidone is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide for prevention of heart attack or stroke.[5]
Common adverse effects include low blood potassium, low blood sodium, high blood sugar, dizziness, and erectile dysfunction.[2][3][6] Other adverse effects may include gout, low blood magnesium, high blood calcium, allergic reactions, and low blood pressure.[2][3][7] Some reviews have found chlortalidone and hydrochlorothiazide to have a similar risk of adverse effects,[8][9] while other reviews have found chlortalidone to have a higher risk.[1][10] While it may be used in pregnancy it is a less preferred option.[2] How it works is not completely clear but is believed to involve increasing the amount of sodium and water lost by the kidneys.[2]
Chlortalidone was patented in 1957 and came into medical use in 1960.[11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In 2021, it was the 127th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4million prescriptions.[13][14]
^ abCite error: The named reference Ace2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefghi"Chlorthalidone Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ abcdBritish national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 229–230. ISBN 978-0-85711-338-2.
^Ernst ME, Fravel MA (July 2022). "Thiazide and the Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Review of Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, and Indapamide". American Journal of Hypertension. 35 (7): 573–586. doi:10.1093/ajh/hpac048. PMID 35404993.
^Roush GC, Messerli FH (June 2021). "Chlorthalidone versus hydrochlorothiazide: major cardiovascular events, blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and adverse effects". Journal of Hypertension. 39 (6): 1254–1260. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002771. PMID 33470735. S2CID 231649367.
^Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS (February 2016). "Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly: what the clinician needs to know". Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 13 (2): 175–82. doi:10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.02.001 (inactive 10 March 2024). PMC 4854958. PMID 27168745.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
^"Chlorthalidone" (PDF). FDA. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
^Dineva S, Uzunova K, Pavlova V, Filipova E, Kalinov K, Vekov T (November 2019). "Comparative efficacy and safety of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide-meta-analysis". Journal of Human Hypertension. 33 (11): 766–774. doi:10.1038/s41371-019-0255-2. PMC 6892412. PMID 31595024.
^Roush GC, Abdelfattah R, Song S, Ernst ME, Sica DA, Kostis JB (October 2018). "Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 20 (10): 1507–1515. doi:10.1111/jch.13386. PMC 8030834. PMID 30251403.
^Springer K (December 2015). "Chlorthalidone vs. Hydrochlorothiazide for Treatment of Hypertension". American Family Physician. 92 (11): 1015–6. PMID 26760416.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 457. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Chlorthalidone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
Chlortalidone, also known as chlorthalidone, is a thiazide-like diuretic drug used to treat high blood pressure, swelling (such as occurs in heart failure...
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kidney stones and improved kidney function. The thiazide-like diuretic chlortalidone reduced urine calcium oxalate in seven of the eight males with inactivated...
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(furosemide, bumetanide, torasemide) and thiazide diuretics (e.g., chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, or chlorothiazide) can increase kidney potassium...
tautomer. The precursor for mazindol was described in the synthesis of Chlortalidone. The synthesis of mazindol starts by reaction of a substituted benzoylbenzoic...
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